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Geographical location
Bangladesh Location: Bangladesh is an independent sovereign state. It is located in South Asia in the southern part of the Asian continent. It is located at 20 ৪ 34 ”North to 26 ° 36” North latitude and 8 ° 1 ”East 92 ° 41” East Longitude. The Tropic of Cancer has passed through the middle of Bangladesh.
Area: The area of Bangladesh is 147560 sq km or 5796 sq miles. Territorial or political maritime boundary of Bangladesh is 12 nautical miles, economic moral zone is 200 nautical miles or 360.6 km, maritime ownership up to the last boundary of the continental shelf.
Bangladesh filed a lawsuit against Myanmar on December 14, 2009 at the Maritime Law Tribunal in Hamburg, Germany and against India at the Arbitration Tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands, with a view to demarcating the waters of the Bay of Bengal and establishing rights over marine resources. Through various processes, on March 14, 2012, in the Bangladesh-Myanmar case, the International Court of Justice gave a historic verdict in favor of Bangladesh's just claim. The ruling gave St. Martin's Island a 12-nautical-mile maritime area along the coastal baseline and a 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone. As a result, the bottom of the sea is up to 350 nautical miles in the continental shelf of Bangladesh.
Boundaries: West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya in the north of Bangladesh, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram and Myanmar in India in the east. Bay of Bengal to the south and West Bengal of India to the west. The total boundaries of Bangladesh are 4811 km [Source: Secondary Geography] and 5138 sq km [Source: Border Guard Bangladesh]. The land boundary is 3995 sq km [Source: Secondary Geography] or 4428 sq km [Source: Border Guard Bangladesh]. The length of the border with India is 3615 km [Source: Secondary Geography] and 4156 km: [Source: Border Guard Bangladesh]. And the length of the border with Myanmar is 260 km: [Source: Secondary Geography] and 261 km: [Source: Border Guard Bangladesh]. The length of the coast of Bangladesh is 617 sq km: [Source: Secondary Geography] ] And 611 sq km: [Source: Border Guard Bangladesh]. The Hariabhanga River in the south-west of Bangladesh marks the Bangladesh-India border and the Naf River in the south-east marks the Bangladesh-Myanmar border.
The topography of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the largest delta islands in the world. Almost the entire region of Bangladesh is a vast plain. There is a small amount of highland. On the basis of topography, Bangladesh can be divided into three main categories.
1) Tertiary era mountains
2) Steps of the Pleistocene period
3) Recent flood plains
1. Tertiary Hills: The hills of southeastern, northern and northeastern parts of Bangladesh belong to this region. These mountains were formed during the rise of the Himalayas in the Tertiary period. These are known as Tertiary hills. The mountains are similar to the Lusai in Assam and the Arakan Mountains in Myanmar. Formed by sandstone, shell and mud. These hills have been divided into two parts. E.g.
A) South-Eastern hills
B) The mountains of the north-east
A) South-Eastern Hills: Rangamati, Bandarban, Khagrachhari, Cox's Bazar. The average height of these hills in the south-east is 610 meters. The largest mountain peak in Bangladesh is Tajindong (Victory) in Bandarban and the height is 1231 meters. Kittakradong is 1230 meters.
B) Hills of North and North-East: North of Mymensingh and Netrokona districts, North and North-East of Sylhet district and South of Moulvibazar and Habiganj districts. The northern hills are locally known as Tila. Their height is 30 to 90 meters.
2. Steps of the Pleistocene period: The period approximately 25,000 years ago is called the Pleistocene period. North-western Barind lands, Madhupur and Bhawal Garhs in the middle and Lalmai hills or highlands of Comilla district are included in this region. These highlands are described below:
Barind land: The Barind land covers an area of about 9320 sq km in the north-western part of the country. Its height is 8 to 12 meters from the flood plain. The soil is gray and red in color.
Madhupur and Bhawal average: Madhupur in Tangail and Mymensingh districts and Bhawal average in Gazipur district. The area is about 4103 square kilometers. 30 meters high from the plain. The soil is reddish and gray.
Lalmai Hills: This hill extends from Lalmai to Mainamati, 6 km west of Comilla town. It has an area of about 34 sq km and an average height of 21 m.
3. Recent flood plains: The whole of Bangladesh, except the Tertiary-era hills and Pleistocene terraces, is a vast plain flooded by rivers. The area of this flood plain is about 1,24,26 sq km.
The main rivers of Bangladesh
There are about 600 rivers in Bangladesh. The total length of the river is about 22,155 sq km.
Padma: The former name of the river Padma is Kirtinasha. This river originates from the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas. Entered Bangladesh through Chapainawabganj. It merged with the Jamuna at Goalanda of Rajbari and with the Meghna at Chandpur with the Padma it took the name Meghna and fell into the Bay of Bengal. The Ganges-Padma floodplain area in Bangladesh is 34.18 sq km. Shakhandi Kumar, Mathabhanga, Bhairab, Gorai, Madhumati, Arial Khan etc. Tributaries are Punarbhaba, Nagar, Pagla, Kulik and Tangon, Mahananda etc.
Brahmaputra: This river originates from Manas Sarobar near the Himalayan Kailash peak and flows first over Tibet to the east and then through Assam to the west. Then the Brahmaputra entered Bangladesh through Kurigram district. It has merged with Meghna in Bhairab Bazaar. Dharla and Teesta are the main tributaries and Banshi and Shitalakshya are the main tributaries.
Meghna: The Barak River of Assam originates from the Naga-Manipur region and enters Bangladesh through Sylhet district under the names of Surma and Kushiyara. It merges with the old Brahmapatra at Bhairabbazar and again with the Padma at Chandpur and falls into the Bay of Bengal called Meghna.