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Who would lead the Islamic polity after Muhammad? This was the question that arose. His four main disciples were then nominated one by one to be the leader of the Muslim community. They were called Caliph. The word 'Caliph' is Arabic. It means representative or successor. The first Caliph Palipare and the Khilafat was Abu Bakr. Caliph is both the political and the religious leader of the Islamic world. The region where the rule of Islam spread was called Dar-ul Islam. Caliph is the leader of Dar-ul Islam. The territory under him is called Khilafat. After the first four caliphs title 'Caliph' went to the hands of a few dynasties; for instance Ummaiyad, Abbasid, I Fatimid, Ottoman etc. Ummaiyad Khilafat (661-750) emerged centering around the city of Damascus in Syria. The capital of Abbasid Khilafat Baghdad. Caliph Haroon al Rashid was a famous ruler among the Abbasid caliphs. However, the dominance of the Abbasid caliphs declined. The Fatimid Khilafat (909-1171) was established in Egypt. At the same period Ummaiyads also established Caliphate in Spain (929- 1031). Similarly the Ottomans established a Caliphate (1517- 1924). In this way the tradition of Caliphs and the Caliphate had continued.The Quran is the sacred religious scripture of Islam .The Muslims believe the Quran embodies the message of Allah. There is a mosque called Masjid-i Haram in Mecca. There is a sacred abode in the centre of the mosque called Kaba or Baitullah. In the corner of that abode there is a small t black square stone called Hazar-ul i Aswad. Namaz is to performed by facing the Kaba. Even ti before the advent of Islam, Kaba Sharif was the holy shrine of the Arabs. Later Kaba Sharif became the holy shrine of Islam.