Mountain Area Family Resource Management
Every family has a goal for the welfare of family members. These goals encourage members to strive in order to reach the goal point. Family resource management is the use of family resources in an effort or process to achieve goals or something that is considered important by the family. Family management can be a decision-making activity in a family. Each family member has their own role in family resource management. Each family has a different management from each other, thus creating a diversity of family resource management. The location of the area is one of the factors that encourage the diversity of family resource management.
Characteristics of Mountain Society
The majority of mountain communities have family members consisting of 4 people, namely father, mother, and 2 children. The education level of the mountainous community is mostly at the high school level or equivalent with an income of less than 4.5 million rupiah per month. Meanwhile, the costs incurred by the mountainous community are relatively low, namely below 3.7 million rupiah per month. This is due to the fact that the majority of people have their own yards which are used for farming in an effort to fulfill their daily needs. Most of the mountainous people have inappropriate food choices, which are still applying the motto 4 healthy 5 perfect even though currently the nutritional guidelines used are eating a variety of foods in accordance with balanced nutrition guidelines. This shows that the existence of balanced nutrition guidelines is not widely known by the wider community.
Education and Livelihood
The average level of family education in people in mountainous areas has reached the government recommendation, which is a minimum of 9 years of education. Increased educational attainment is influenced by factors, such as social conditions, family economy, and different motivations between families. A high level of education is closely related to an increasingly varied livelihood. The varied livelihoods are due to the increasing public awareness of the increasingly open non-agricultural business opportunities. Families in mountainous communities who have low levels of education become obstacles in managing agriculture using the latest technology that has an impact on progress and people's lives.
Efforts to Achieve Family Goals
The level of education on livelihoods also affects the success of achieving family goals. Success in achieving goals requires skills and education that can support every effort made so that it is right on target. People from families with low education require greater effort in achieving their goals due to economic limitations due to low income from farming, labor and trading in mountainous areas. Low income is an obstacle in pursuing education so that human resources in the family have limited skills in managing agricultural land and are hampered in improving the family economy.
Ability to Regulate Food Consumption
Family eating habits are shaped by income level, socio-cultural, and family characteristics. Eating habits can also be influenced by various factors such as gender, age, mother's education, mother's knowledge about nutrition, mother's attitude about nutrition, number of family members, and taboos. Low income is positively correlated with food choice. The ability to regulate or manage family finances is very important in efforts to achieve family welfare, which is reflected in the selection of good food ingredients. Food selection is influenced by various conditions, such as the condition of family income, knowledge or perception, and availability. Families who live in mountainous areas usually consume crops from the land they own. Inappropriate food selection will lead to poor eating habits.
The Birth of Learning Motivation
The motivation of parents in providing encouragement for further education for children is important because children will feel supported by their families. This is also a form of parental care and concern for their children. In providing encouragement, parents need to have an understanding of the importance of education so that children will better understand the meaning and influence of education in the future. The encouragement or support must be in line with their child's interests. Building children's interest in the world of education needs to be built from an early age, because various negative influences from outside can certainly affect children's motivation at any time. Although, other factors can also have an effect, the support from the closest people is also very important.
Economy and Family Income
Families living in mountainous areas still need jobs that earn more in order to become prosperous families, because according to families living in mountainous areas, it is stated that a prosperous family is a family that is financially well off. In addition, there are also many aspects that can be done if the family wants to have financial management so that income and expenses can be balanced and not relatively wasteful, such as income generation strategies, allocation of spending for consumption needs, allocation of spending for productive purposes, management of children's education costs (formal education and education). non-formal), and business development management. Therefore, family financial management is very important in advancing the economic welfare of the family, both in the allocation for consumption needs as well as investment or business development needs.
Economics and Geographical Conditions
Environmental and geographical conditions in mountainous areas are very influential in resource management on the economic welfare of the family. The high and low level of fulfillment of family needs is reflected in the type of business occupied by the head of the family. This is all motivated by the potential of human resources, namely the level of education, and the skills of the head of the family. This is one of the factors that makes families living in mountainous areas have their own challenges to be able to survive with all existing resources, namely depending on the nature around them because if they want to fulfill their needs to go to the supermarket or mall, it is very far and difficult to reach.
Economy and Family Welfare
Most of the families living in the mountains have not yet reached a prosperous family. This is due to differences in economic and social conditions. Of the majority of families who are already prosperous, the majority are families who have their own agricultural land or plantations so that the harvest can be used to fulfill needs and be sold. Meanwhile, families who are not yet prosperous usually do not own agricultural land and only sell their services to the land owner so that the profits are not as large as the land owner. This is an example of a case of family welfare as measured by economic conditions. However, welfare is not only assessed based on the economy but can be measured based on satisfaction and happiness so that not all families with low economics feel that their families are not prosperous. There are some families who feel prosperous when given health, sustenance, peace, and happiness. This shows that the welfare standards of each individual or family are different.
Family Resource Management
The resource management of families living in mountainous areas is influenced by various factors and is relatively variable. Mountain community education tends to be good which is supported by easy access to education and various other supports. Their livelihoods and education levels are more varied. Aspects of financial choice and level of welfare are also highlighted in the operating process. Family eating habits are also considered under certain conditions. The eating habits of each mountainous household, such as the selection of food ingredients, sometimes need to be linked to the level of understanding of parents. Most mountain communities allocate their resources to support the realization of their own version of family welfare.