Returns

(i) Increasing returns ( level 0 to 2)

(ii) Decreasing reruns ( level 3 to level 6)

(iii) Negative returns (level 6)

The law of diminishing returns states that F increasing quantities of one factor are combined with fixed supply of other's in production,a point is reached from which each extra variable factor added yields loss and less addition to the total output

(i)

Diagram

(ii)

- The total product at any given level of labour input is equal to the sum of all the marginal product up to that level

- The MP is zero at the point where TP is maximum

=====================================

Capital expenditure is primarily expenditure on the creation of fixed assets and on the acquisition of land, buildings and intangible assets. While Recurrent expenditure refers mainly to expenditure on

operations, wages and salaries, purchases of goods and

services, and current grants and subsidies.

Monetary policy refers to government activities that are directed toward influencing the quantity of money and credit in an economy. While Fiscal policy involves the use of government spending and revenue raising (taxation) to impact a number of aspects of the economy

(i)General Administrative Purposes The administrative machinery of a country may collapse if there is

no money to maintain it; tax therefore forms one of the sources of

such money.

(ii)Defence Purposes

Taxation contributes part of the money used in maintaining a country’s armed forces.

(iii)The Maintenance of Law and Order For internal peace and stability of a country to be guaranteed, laws

must be made and executed, which require money.

(iv)Redistribution of Incomes To achieve this, income tax is made to be progressive in nature.

=====================================

(i)Commercial farming is mainly practised in developed countries whereas subsistence farming in less developed or developing countries.

(ii) Commercial farming is cultivated for profits whereas subsistence farming is for the consumption of the farmer and his/her family.

(iii) Commercial farms are very large while that of the subsistence farming are quite small.

(iv) Commercial farming is not dependent much on man power or animal power whereas subsistence farming is dependent.

(v) In commercial farming, there are proper irrigation facilities whereas subsistence farming is generally dependent upon the monsoon.

(i) It is usually grown in a piece of land where the land is quite small in the area.

(ii) This type of farming is usually done for the food crop where the farming is done just to satisfy the requirement of the farmers family and not for the purpose of selling it into the market.

(iii) The machineries which are used for the farming process usually primitive.

(iv) Primitive form of irrigation or little irrigation is done for this type of farming.

-Positive effects-

(i)It serves as source of revenue for the government

(ii)It creates job opportunities for people in the area.

-Negative effects-

(i)It causes loss of valuable lands

(ii)It causes environmental pollution and pose health hazards

================================