The term “learning disorder” refers to a serious problem that a student may suffer from when learning to read, write, mathematics, or other learning activities. Learning disorders impair a child's ability to learn and process information. A learning disorder is sometimes called by other names, including "learning disability," "learning difficulties," or "learning delay." Although learning disorders can be present in very young children, they are not usually noticed until the child enters primary school. And for some students who have a very high IQ, a learning disorder may not appear until an advanced school stage. This educational program explains learning disorders and distinguishes between them and mental and physical disabilities. It also discusses how to investigate the presence of learning disorders, and how to deal with them.
Learning disorders
The human brain can perform tasks that require advanced skills, such as speaking, reading, writing, and mathematical operations. These are advanced functions of the body that require billions of connections between nerve cells in the brain. The brain has areas related to vision, hearing, and other senses. When one of these areas fails to function properly, a learning disorder can result. A learning disorder is specific to a specific activity of learning, such as reading, writing, or mathematics. However, reading disorder is the most common learning disorder. A distinction must be made between learning disorders and natural differences among students. Students learn different skills at different rates. Some of them may outperform others in one aspect or that. Pupils whose performance is below average in certain areas are not necessarily those with learning disorders. A learning disorder is present when a child suffers from serious problems learning a topic, and his performance is much lower than what is expected of children of his age. There are many types of learning disorders. The types that most specialists investigate are related to topics taught in schools, such as reading, writing and mathematics. Learning disorders cannot be confused with disorders of intelligence. Intelligence is a broad general measure of mental abilities. A learning disorder is a condition that affects only one of these abilities. For example, a learning disorder that affects reading is known as dyslexia. It is possible for a person with dyslexia to have an average or above-average intelligence level, even though they have trouble reading. Learning disorders are one thing and mental disabilities (known as "mental retardation") are quite another. Mental retardation has an impact on a number of mental abilities, while a learning disorder affects only one or two aspects of the learning process. A distinction must also be made between learning disorders and physical disabilities that can affect learning, such as blindness or deafness. Blindness and deafness affect learning and require special education, but they are not classified as a group of learning disorders.
A comparison between "ADHD" and "learning disorders":
Learning disorders should not be confused with ADHD. The latter is a medical condition that has a negative impact on many aspects of learning. The person or child may be less alert, hyperactive, and behave impulsively. ADHD affects many aspects of learning, whereas a learning disorder affects only one or two aspects. But children with ADHD may have one or more of the learning disorders. In any case, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation of the child's condition by a specialist. The assumption that a child with a learning disorder has ADHD should not be assumed without an accurate diagnosis.
Language disorders:
The next section includes a brief review of the most common cases of literacy-related learning disorders. Language-related learning disorders are problems with speaking, listening, reading, spelling or writing. A child is expected to acquire specific language skills at every stage of his development. And if he does not acquire some of the skills that are compatible with a certain age or a specific grade, then he may have a language-related learning disorder that is causing this. The term "reading disorder" refers to a learning disorder related to language learning. Dyslexia is a common type of reading disorder. A person with reading disorder usually has problems with the following:
Learn to recognize and memorize written words.
Correct spelling of words.
Writing.
Understand what the person is reading.
Linking the letter's written image and its sound.
Writing deficiency is a learning disorder that relates exclusively to handwriting. Unlike a reading disorder, a person with dysgraphia has no problem reading. However, this defect is most likely related to defects in fine motor skills. Among these movements is the ability to draw letters or the ability to maintain the integrity of the line when writing. Dyscalculation is a math-related learning disorder. People with this disorder may find it difficult to grasp mathematical concepts. He may even be unable to solve simple math problems.
Tags:
Signs of a learning disorder depend on the type of learning difficulty the child has in learning. If a child delays reaching some of the reference points in his development, and all other aspects of his development and growth are only normal, this is a sign that he has a learning disorder. This delay may include problems with language, mathematics, motor skills, or other areas of learning. There are certain clues that you can look to to know if a child has a learning disorder. This is usually at the primary school stage. At this point, most cases of learning disorders are detected. Signs that can be noticed before a child enters school:
Problems with pronouncing words.
Trouble finding the right word.
Difficulty saying phrases that rhyme uniformly.
Problems learning the alphabet, numbers, colors, shapes, and days of the week.
Difficulties in carrying out specific instructions or in following familiar ways of learning.
Difficulty controlling crayons, regular pencils, and scissors, or in coloring without deviating from the specified areas.
A person with a learning disorder may have difficulty with the following skills:
Learn the relationship between a letter and an expressed sound.
Collect letter sounds to form words.
Speak key words when reading.
Correct spelling of words or reading of words correctly.
Learn basic mathematics concepts.
Reading the clock and remembering time series.
the reasons:
Determining the cause of a learning disorder is extremely difficult, because the brain is a complex organ, and because learning is a complex process as well. Many scientists believe that learning disorders are caused by small changes in the structure and function of the brain. There is evidence that learning disorders are related to heredity, because they tend to appear frequently in the same family. A learning disorder can be inherited from one of the parents. There is also an aspect of learning disorders that traces back to the embryogenesis stage. Exposure to cigarette smoke and drug and alcohol use during pregnancy can increase the possibility of a learning disorder developing in a child later on. Learning disorders may also appear in babies who are exposed to lead in paint after birth.
Diagnosis:
Usually, a team consisting of an educational consultant, a specialist in psychology and some teachers takes the decision of the existence of a learning disorder, and this is the first step in setting up an educational program that can help the child to learn. It is very important for a person who specializes in diagnosing learning disorders to make a full evaluation of the child's condition. After this evaluation, the specialist can tell us if the child has a learning disorder or not. Evaluation studies how the child thinks, how he remembers, how to judge, and how he behaves as well. Depending on the age of the child, other factors related to the child's development are also being considered. The individualized educational evaluation is important for the child because he can determine the type of learning disorder he or she has. This evaluation can also determine whether the child is in need of special educational programs. Multiple assessments are used to determine the appropriate educational program for the child. These assessments measure a child's skills in specific areas. Evaluation processes may differ by school or government policy. Certain measures are also being taken in relation to the child's growth and development. Procedures may include classroom observations and interviews with parents, the school team, and other adults who know the child. This provides useful information on how the child behaves and performs in different circumstances and conditions. The specialist must first rule out the social causes that may be behind the learning problems, such as family problems, malnutrition and sleep problems in the child. Medical problems such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder must also be ruled out. A child's learning disorder is diagnosed if all of the following criteria are met together: Certain measures are also being taken in relation to the child's growth and development. Procedures may include classroom observations and interviews with parents, the school team, and other adults who know the child. This provides useful information on how the child behaves and performs in different circumstances and conditions. The specialist must first rule out the social causes that may be behind the learning problems, such as family problems, malnutrition and sleep problems in the child. Medical problems such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder must also be ruled out. A child's learning disorder is diagnosed if all of the following criteria are met together: Certain measures are also being taken in relation to the child's growth and development. Procedures may include classroom observations and interviews with parents, the school team, and other adults who know the child. This provides useful information on how the child behaves and performs in different circumstances and conditions. The specialist must first rule out the social causes that may be behind the learning problems, such as family problems, malnutrition and sleep problems in the child. Medical problems such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder must also be ruled out. A child's learning disorder is diagnosed if all of the following criteria are met together: This provides useful information on how the child behaves and performs in different circumstances and conditions. The specialist must first rule out the social causes that may be behind the learning problems, such as family problems, malnutrition and sleep problems in the child. Medical problems such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder must also be ruled out. A child's learning disorder is diagnosed if all of the following criteria are met together: This provides useful information on how the child behaves and performs in different circumstances and conditions. The specialist must first rule out the social causes that may be behind the learning problems, such as family problems, malnutrition and sleep problems in the child. Medical problems such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder must also be ruled out. A child's learning disorder is diagnosed if all of the following criteria are met together:
That the child's abilities in reading, writing and mathematics are much less than the capabilities expected for a person of his age, intelligence, and class in school.
A learning disorder is confirmed by a professional who uses a specific methodology for evaluation. The evaluation process may differ by school or government policy.
That the child's learning problems have a clear impact on his school performance.
Processing:
There is no cure for a learning disorder. However, there are special educational methods to help the child overcome a learning disorder and develop his educational outcome. The goal of the special education program is to keep the child in his classroom and enable him to keep up with his classmates. Separating the child from his class and his classmates is rarely desirable. Educators who have received special training may conduct periodic assessments of the child to see the extent of his educational and intellectual progress. The evaluation may be useful in:
Provide an individualized educational plan that explains how the response to the child's needs should be in school.
Determine the strategies most effective in helping a child learn.
Measuring progress since the IEP was developed.
After the evaluation is complete, the main approach to dealing with a child's learning disorder is to work on teaching him some school skills. These skills are developed by building on the child's own capabilities and strengths. Weaknesses are also being corrected to align with other skills. Detecting the presence of a learning disorder at an early stage and providing appropriate special education has many benefits for the student. It helps him learn and avoid frustration, lack of morale or loss of interest in school.
Conclusion:
Learning disorders affect a student's ability to learn. The majority of learning disorders are related to common educational topics in schools, such as reading, writing and mathematics. The exact cause of a learning disorder is unknown. Learning disorders do not reflect a child's intelligence. It is something different from mental retardation. Mental retardation affects a number of mental abilities, while a learning disorder affects only one or two aspects of the learning process. Learning disorders are also a different condition from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The child must be evaluated to see if he has a learning disorder and is in need of special education services. No cure for a learning disorder. However, it can be dealt with through special educational programs aimed at helping the child overcome this disorder.
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