sub: Physiology One of the most important topics in physiology is endocrinology Today we will try to know some of the basic things like endocrine gland of body, hormone and it’s classification. So let's get started Viva of endocrinology start with a common question AmeName the endocrine gland? Ans: 1.endocrine portion of hypothalamus 2. Anterior posterior pituitary gland 3.thyroid gland 4.parathyroid gland 5. adrenal gland (cortesx & medulla) 6.islets of langerhans of pancreas 7.ovary & testes 8. Placenta # organs with endocrine function: heart, stomach, small intestine, kidney, adipocytes. * We will read serial wise from the head for the convenience of easy remembering. 2.What is hormone? Ans: It is a chemical substance released by glands or specialized cells into circulating blood and influences the function of target cells at another location in the body. The matter can be remembered in a simpler way (it releases from one or group of cells but stimulates the other tissue's function) 3. If you ask for hormones, it will also ask for its classification Hormones can be divided based on chemical nature, site of action or location of receptor Everything must be remembered because the mechanism of action of hormones will be useful # on the basis of chemical structure it is divided into 3 groups A. Proteins and polypeptides (the endocrine glands that begin with "p" are the exceptional dopamin / prolactin inhibiting factor). B. Steroids (adrenal cortex, ovaries and testes) C. Derivatives of amino acid tyrosine (thyroid gland & adrenal medulla) ** The site of synthesis of these hormones are - # Peptide-Rough endoplasmic reticulum. #Steroid hormones - are synthesized from cholesterol in the cytoplasm. #Amine acid tyrosine- in the cytoplasmic compartment of glandular cell. Basison the basis of site of action it is 3 types -local hormone - (works near the site of origin): gastrin, secretin, CCK -general hormone (a specific gland theke will produce distant cell e will work): insulin. Aldosterone, GH - Tropic hormone- will control secretion of other glands: ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH (hormones of hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland) # on the basis of Receptor: 1. Surface of cell membrane (peptide and protein) 2. In cell cytoplasm (steroid hormone) 3. In the nucleus (thyroid hormone) What hormones are secreted from the endocrine gland in Viva is the most asked which is given in the picture below. There are also some questions: Receptor-protein macromolecules in which hormones, neurotransmitters are bound. ligand-chemical molecule which combines with receptor. So far today ..... The next day we will discuss the mechanism of hormones. Thank you God bless you.
