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Spores are unicellular dispersal units, adapted for survival in unfavourable conditions and for long periods of time.
They are responsible for the spread of plants across the planet in the early days and mushrooms are spread everywhere because of them.
The purpose of mushrooms is to bear spores and release them into the environment. Any given mushroom may house and release as many as a billion spores. The spores are then carried by the wind or water and germinate if they land in a nice moist environment with a good food source. This method of dispersal has allowed for single species of fungi to be found all around the globe.