Miscarriage defined is as a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before 24 weeks... The patient mostly presents with vaginal bleeding.
It has different types based on clinical presentation and investigation findings...
A miscarriage is called as Threatened if the there is intrauterine progress vaginal bleeding and pain but on speculum examination, OS is closed Along with fetal heart rate.
Invertible miscarriage
In this, there is an intrauterine pregnancy with no fetal heart rate.
Incomplete miscarriage there will be retained products of conception. On spectulm examination there will be some products that are removed by some techniques
Complete miscarriage. In this uterus will be empty there will be no pain nor bleeding.
Missed miscarriage. There will be intrauterine pregnancy but no fetal heart rate, this is managed by expectant or medical-surgical. Mostly detected an ultrasound.
Which woman is at risk...
A woman with infections, these could be bacterial and viral...
A woman having uterine abnormalities or chromosomal abnormalities
Investigation..
Mostly a miscarriage is diagnosed by a single Ultrasound.... This Ultrasound could be either tans abdominal or transvaginal...
Also Haemoglobin level is checked to see how much blood is lost vaginally...
How to manage such patients...
It totally depends upon conditions and type of miscarriage....
Available options are...
Expectant ~ it is natural treatment
Medical ~ mostly misoprostol is given
Surgical ~dilation for suction and curratage (D and C).
Hope you got a bit idea about Miscarriage....