Pepper cultivation method

Pepper cultivation method

Pepper is a spice national cash crop. It is used in our country to make food delicious and with various herbal medicines.

The government's agriculture department has been encouraging pepper cultivation at different times with the aim of raising rural awareness. As a result, conscious educated semi-educated farmers are coming forward to cultivate black pepper according to the location of rural agricultural infrastructure. Pepper is considered as a cash crop to get a strong rural economic base and earn more in less time. Therefore, the report prepares the farmer's field for pepper cultivation, seedling production and planting methods, disease prevention, rapid seedling production methods and commercial pepper cultivation.

Pepper is a herbaceous plant. Pepper is a parasitic tree like betel tree, odal, cane etc. This requires the shelter of another pepper plant. Mango, betel nut, jackfruit, mandar, tamarind, coconut, palm, silver, oak, teak, date etc. are used as shelters for pepper. In addition, trees with uneven bark have the advantage of growing pepper trees.

Method of production of pepper

seedlings

Pepper seedlings are usually made from pulses. The base of the pepper plant is called 'runner'. Runners have a normal tendency to get roots out of each knot. The runner has to cut a portion of each of the three knots and plant it ‘Sara’ near the shelter tree. Make a spinach with 3: 1 spots with soil and cut three knotted pens from black pepper stalks. After one to one and a half months, the roots will come out from that cutting. Then fill the polythene bag with 4 inches of 3 parts two-fiber soil and carefully remove it from the rooted cutting and plant it in the polythene bag. Before planting, make a hole in the ground of the polythene bag with a bamboo stick and apply the root cuttings. A beautiful seedling will grow in 45 to 60 days. Usually Chaitra-Baishakh is the best time for sapling production.

Fast seedling production method

The method of rapid seedling production is effective for the production of pepper seedlings on a commercial basis. It is possible to produce 30 to 35 saplings per year from one tree. For this we need to create a shelter. Tents can also be made using special types of shade nets made of plastic. The net, which has the ability to retain 60 to 70 percent of rainwater, can penetrate 30 to 40 percent of the sun. The height of the row of bamboo poles in the house should be every 3 meters and the height of the poles on both sides should be 2 meters. Drains should be made 75 cm deep and 30 cm wide by maintaining a distance of 1 m between the rooms. The drains should be filled with sand, compost, jackfruit powder and composted soil in equal proportions. Now within one foot of that drain, healthy seedlings of good variety should be planted as 'mother plants'. Tie a long bamboo horizontally to the soil by burying the poles at the two ends of the space between the two drains. This time, divide a 1.25 m long piece of Bethu bamboo into two halves and place it at the base of each mother plant with the horizontal bamboo tied in the middle so that the half piece of bamboo makes an angle of 45 degrees with the soil. This time mix sand wood powder and compost in the ratio of 1: 1: 1 and fill it in half bamboo pieces. Tie each knot of pepper in contact with the soil, so that the roots come out of each knot. In 3 to 4 months, the pepper plant will cross half of the bamboo head. At this time, cut the tip of the vine and place the vine on the three knots at the base of the tree. Then the shoots on the leaves will start to grow. After 10 days, cut the vine on the leaf. Then cut each root separately from the knot. In a 4 inch polythene bag, sand-soil, wood powder and compost should be mixed evenly and a knotted cutting should be planted. Care should be taken at all times so that the roots are not damaged. Polythene bags should be kept in a shady place and watered every two days. Within 3 weeks the cuttings will start to shed new leaves. Thus it is possible to produce pepper seedlings in a very short time.

Propagation

The method of propagation of pepper is very simple. The seed can be propagated from pepper seeds. It takes more time to come into production. The quality of black pepper may not be like that of mother plant. That is why pepper is usually bred through organ reproduction. Usually one bud is propagated in monocotyledonous cutting. This method can easily produce pepper seedlings. Trees are made by planting branches and the trees grow very easily.

Mandar tree as a shelter tree is good for pepper. This tree grows straight and the number of branches is less. The bark of the tree is uneven and a sticky substance comes out of it. When the branches of the mandar tree are cut to limit the height of the pepper tree, there is no harm. Mandar Shuti is a national tree. As a result, nitrogen from the atmosphere can be retained in the soil. It enriches the soil.

Seedling planting method

Pepper seedlings can be planted in two types. If there are trees in the garden used as shelter trees like betel, coconut, mango, mandar, jackfruit etc., then one and a half hands away from that tree, one and half hand length, one and half hand width and one and half hand deep hole has to be made. The seedlings have to be planted by filling the hole with dung, compost, sandy soil. Bamboo support is required to facilitate tree planting.

In order to cultivate black pepper in the new place, first fill the hole as mentioned above by making a hole one hand long, one hand wide and one hand deep at a distance of two and a half to four hands. If necessary, shade should be given to the seedlings.

Fertilizer application

Fertilizer should be applied to each plant at a lower approved rate. The best time to apply fertilizer is Chaitra-Baishakh month.

Care

Pepper vines need to be tied to shelter trees for rapid growth. From the base of the tree up to 3 hands - need to be kept clean. Care should be taken so that the pepper plant does not grow more than 9 hands.

Climate

Pepper cultivation requires a warm humid climate and proportional rainfall throughout the year. Significantly, the pollination of pepper pollen depends on rainfall. Pepper cultivation requires an annual rainfall of 2500 mm and a temperature of 10 to 40 degrees Celsius. Prolonged drought or drought conditions are bad for pepper cultivation.

Soil

Unused or fallow land does not accumulate water with high organic manure, hill red soil is more suitable for pepper cultivation. Pepper can be grown on sandy loam soils except in flood prone areas. Damp soil is unsuitable for pepper cultivation.

Born

1 (hybrid), Karimunda, Balankatta, Kalluvelli, Arkulpam Munda etc.

Time to plant

Black pepper is usually a good variety of tree or seed from 10 to 15 days of Boishakh to 10 to 15 days of Ashar - suitable time for planting seedlings.

Diseases

Pepper is a type of fruit borer. In Shravan and Kartik, apply one teaspoon of 'Endosulfur 35 EC' or Quinolphos or Dimethoate 30 EC in every 5 liters of water. In addition, Bordang mixture has to be applied before the onset of monsoon for the disease.

Harvesting and preserving crops

When a couple of peppercorns are yellow in color, climb up the ladder and cut the crop to match the sticks. The peppers are separated and dried in the sun for 4-5 days. When the pepper is well dried it becomes black and small in size and then has to be marketed.

Business-Economics

Production begins three years after the pepper is planted. Although full production comes from 7-8 years. Each tree produces 5-6 kg of raw black pepper. About 30 percent of dried black pepper is obtained from raw pepper. That is, an average of one and a half to two kilograms of dried black pepper can be obtained from one tree. If it is 500 rupees per kg, one can earn 650 to 800 rupees from a pepper tree. According to estimates, the cost for a tree is about 35 rupees. So the profit is more than the cost.

Farmers will be more enterprising in potential pepper cultivation. The Department of Agriculture provides pepper seedlings in each district and pepper seedlings are produced on the farms of the Department of Agriculture. Aware farmers can contact the concerned agriculture department.