Vishnu was born in the family of the famous Shyamacharan de Biswas of Pataldanga, Calcutta. The original home was in Howrah. His father Abinash Chandra Dey was an attorney. Vishnu Dey studied at the Mitra Institute and Sanskrit Collegiate School in Calcutta. After passing matriculation in 1926, Bangabasi went to college to study IA. He graduated with honors in English in 1932 from St. Paul's College. Then in 1934 he did his MA in English from Calcutta University. In 1935 he joined Ripon College (now Surendranath College) as a teacher. He then taught at Presidency College from 1944 to 1948 and at Maulana Azad College from 1948 to 1969.After that he also taught in Krishnanagar Government College. While studying at Calcutta University, he met Pranati Roychowdhury, an MA student in English. Their identity is gradually deepened through the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven. She later married him on December 2, 1934.
The literary movement started in 1923 with the publication of Kallol magazine was directed by the poet Vishnu Dey. His contribution to post-Rabindranath Bengali poetry occupies a significant place in Bengali literature. When Kallol's publication ceased in 1930, he joined Sudhindranath Dutt's Parichay Patrika and worked there as an editor till 1947. In 1948 he published a literary paper with the help of Chanchal Kumar Chattopadhyay. He also edited a magazine called Nirukta. The main premise of his poetry is man, his struggles and politics, there echoes of contemporary life, country and time, politics and society. Initially, both Eastern and Western cultures influenced his writing. The influence of European classical and modern art literature from indigenous mythology, history, philosophy, and art literature, and later between the two world wars, World War II, famine, riots, the Tebhaga movement, etc The eventful life and movement after independence has cast a direct shadow on his poetry.
He was inspired by leftist philosophy. The poet was also influenced by the style and thought of T. S. Elliott. He wrote an autobiography called This Life Scattered. Also did translation work. His translated works include poems by Elliott, Paul Alvarez and Mao Zedong.
Art expert Shahed Suhrawardy and artist Jamini Roy were friends with Vishnu Dey. He authored several books on the art of drawing, including The Art of Jamini Roy (in collaboration with) The Paintings of Rabindranath Tagore (1956) and India and Modern Art (1959). He was associated with Calcutta Group Center, Soviet Friendship Association, Pragati Writers Artists Association, Indian People's Theater Association, Indian Folklore Association etc. He also drew pictures.
For his contributions to literature, he won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1965, the Nehru Smriti Award, and the Jnanpith Award in 1981. He also received the Soviet Land Award.
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