Here is a structured/unstructured way of problem solving and decision making developed by experts and think tanks over the years. I have synthesized the best ideas I have discovered into a single simple method that you can use for the rest of your career.
STEP ONE: Define the problem or goal clearly, in writing, on the page in front of you. If you are working with a group, write and rewrite the problem or goal on a flip chart or a whiteboard until everyone agrees, “Yes. This is the correct definition of the problem.” In medicine, they say, “Accurate diagnosis is half the cure.” In business, developing the correct definition of the problem often makes the solution appear obvious.
STEP TWO: Once you have defined the problem or goal clearly, you ask, “What else is the problem?” Beware of any problem for which there is only one definition. Define and redefine the problem several different ways to make it more amenable to the correct solution. (Note: It may be not a problem at all but rather an opportunity.)
The worst thing you can do is to come up with a great solution to the wrong problem or to a problem that does not exist.