Two nation theori

Dear friendsThe two-nation theory is an ideology of religious nationalism which significantly influenced the Indian subcontinent following its independence from the British Empire. According to this theory, Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus are two separate nations, with their own customs, religion, and traditions; therefore, from social and moral points of view, Muslims should be able to have their own separate homeland outside of Hindu-majority India, one in which Islam is the dominant religion, and be segregated from Hindus and other non-Muslims.[1][2] The two-nation theory advocated by the All India Muslim League is the founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in the northwestern and eastern regions of India) through the partition of India in 1947.

A map of the British Indian Empire, 1909, including British India and the princely states, showing the majority religions.

The ideology that religion is the determining factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims was undertaken by  Quaid Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who termed it as the awakening of Muslims for the creation of Pakistan.[3] It is also a source of inspiration to several Hindu nationalist organisations, with causes as varied as the redefinition of Indian Muslims as non-Indian foreigners and second-class citizens in India, the expulsion of all Muslims from India, the establishment of a legally Hindu state in India (which is currently secular), prohibition of conversions to Islam, and the promotion of conversions or reconversions of Indian Muslims to Hinduism