Pakistan,[c] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,[d] is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million. It has the world's second-largest Muslim population. It is the 33rd-largest country by area, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles). Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Motto: Īmān, Ittihād, Nazam
ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu)
"Faith, Unity, Discipline"[2]
Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
قَومی ترانہ
"The National Anthem"
Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green
CapitalIslamabad
33°41′30″N 73°03′00″ELargest cityKarachi
24°51′36″N 67°00′36″EOfficial languagesEnglish • UrduRecognised regional languagesPunjabi (39%) • Pashto (18%) • Sindhi (15%) • Balochi (3%)Sub-provincialSaraiki (12%) • Shina • Kashmiri (0.17%)Other languagesHindko • Balti • Pahari-Pothwari • Khowar • Burushaski • Kohistani • Wakhi • Yidgha • Dameli • Kalasha • Gawar-Bati • Domaaki • Kutchi • Memoni • BrahuiEthnic groups (2020[3])
Religion (2017[5])
96.28% Islam (State religion)[4]
1.85% Hinduism
1.59% Christianity
0.22% Ahmadis
0.7% Others
See Religion in PakistanDemonym(s)PakistaniGovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic• PresidentArif Alvi• Prime MinisterImran Khan• Chairman of the SenateSadiq Sanjrani• Speaker of the National AssemblyAsad Qaiser• Chief JusticeGulzar AhmedLegislatureParliament• Upper houseSenate• Lower houseNational AssemblyIndependence from the United Kingdom• Dominion14 August 1947• Islamic Republic23 March 1956• Last polity withdrawn12 January 1972• Current constitution14 August 1973Area• Total881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi)[a][7] (33rd)• Water (%)2.86Population• 2018 estimate212,228,286[8][9] (5th)• 2017 census 207.8 million (6th)• Density244.4/km2 (633.0/sq mi) (56th)GDP (PPP)2020 estimate• Total $1.254 trillion[10] (23rd)• Per capita $6,016[10] (132nd)GDP (nominal)2019 estimate• Total $284.2 billion[10] (42nd)• Per capita $1,388[10] (151st)Gini (2015)33.5[11]
mediumHDI (2018) 0.560[12]
medium · 152ndCurrencyPakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)Time zoneUTC+05:00 (PST)
CapitalIslamabad 33°41′30″N 73°03′00″ELargest cityKarachi 24°51′36″N 67°00′36″EOfficial languagesEnglish • UrduRecognised regional languagesPunjabi (39%) • Pashto (18%) • Sindhi (15%) • Balochi (3%)Sub-provincialSaraiki (12%) • Shina • Kashmiri (0.17%)Other languagesHindko • Balti • Pahari-Pothwari • Khowar • Burushaski • Kohistani • Wakhi • Yidgha • Dameli • Kalasha • Gawar-Bati • Domaaki • Kutchi • Memoni • BrahuiEthnic groups (2020[3])
44.7% Punjabis
15.4% Pashtuns
14.1% Sindhis
8.4% Saraikis
7.6% Muhajirs
3.6% Balochs
6.3% others