News! News! News!
what is news?
Key words: Bunk off mass people objective bias broadcast refer editorial informative educative.
'I eat rice everyday. I play cricket. I don't bunk off school, blah...blah...blah...' There are common events. They happen every day or on some occasions. Are these events news? Should they be published in newspapers? The answer is a big 'NO'. Then what is news anyway? What do we want to know from the media? 'When a dog bites a man that is not a news, but when a man bites a dog that is news,' says Charles Anderson Dana.
Do you read newspaper?
The first thing is that the news should be a piece of information.
Secondly, the information should be recent or new, and hence it is 'news'.
Thirdly, mass people should take interest in it.
Fourthly, it should be self-explained.
That is, it should answer all the questions with who, which, what, where, when, why and how.
Finally, it should be objective.
Recently, another aspect has been added: news is either printed or broadcast or on the internet.
There are opinions that the term 'news' comes from 'new'. Others say it is news because it comes from all directions: North, East, West and South.
The First Newspaper
Humans have a natural curiosity to know the unknown, to see the unseen and to conquer the unconquered. Every day so many things are happening around and human beings are eager to know them all. They not only like to know happenings in their own and other countries, but also what is happening in Antarctica or Mars, or Siberia.
This curiosity to know and understand situations is not a contemporary phenomenon. It is true, the world wide web (www) has made our life easier and new we know anything that takes place at the farthest corners of the world with a single click.
However, it was not that easy a few hundred years ago.
Through a process of evolution, the newspaper has now become a part and parcel of human life. Modern people cannot think of a day when they don't have a newspaper passed through the doors in the early morning. A fresh newspaper with a hot cup of tea or coffee has been the symbol of modern urban life.
We deep at a newspaper for national, local, international or sports news. Is there a show of Nuruldiner Sarajibon, or Chitrangoda or Hamlet? Is there a suitable job offer? Are there any sales?
Let us have a look at the newspaper. The newspaper is the ultimate destination for advertisements of products, classified advertisements for finding brides and bridegrooms, houses to-let, sales, and what not? It is said, in the modern world, information is power and newspaper is an information hub.
But how were the initial days of the newspapers? The first newspaper, Acta Diurna, was published in ancient Rome in 59 BC. Acta Diurna meaning 'daily acts' posted different types of announcements and social events.
However, Acta Diurna was not a paper-based newspaper. It was a massage board displayed in public places. Just imagine how old the history of the newspaper in human civilization is! Acta Diurana was published just 59 years before the birth of Jesus Christ!
Much later, at the beginning of the 16th century, printed 'news books' were publish in England and they were based on stories such as battles, disasters or public celebrations.
The London Gazette claims to be England's oldest newspaper published in 1665. The 17th century also marks the regular publication of newspapers in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. Johann Carolus published the first weekly newspaper, Account of All Distinguished and Commemorable News, from Germany in 1605. The newspapers that are delivered to your house each day started its journey from the 18th Century. The Pennsylvania Packet and The Daily Advertiser were the first daily newspapers from the US, which came out in 1784. Many independent newspapers ran before that on a weekly or monthly basis.
The first newspaper printed in Italy was Hickey's Bengal Gazette in 1780 under the British Raj. It was published by James Augustus Hickey. In this process, the first Bangla weekly newspaper, the Samachar Darpon, came out in 1818. The missionaries ran this newspaper. The Azad Became Dhaka's first daily newspaper. It was founded in 1960s. The Azad played an important role during our language moment as the daily Ittefaq played glorious role in our struggle for independence.
In the 21st century, there is a change in the form and presentation of newspapers. They are no more confined to tabloid and broadsheet sizes. Nearly all the world's major newspapers have begun publishing online editions of their newspapers and although some newspapers charge their readers for access, many have their web editions free. Yet, having a printed newspaper is still an obsession for many people in the world.
TV News Report
Have you noticed TV reporters appearing on the screen with reports of different types of news? Have you though how these reports are monsoonal showers or bitter winter can never stop them from reaching the news spot.
The reports include political issues, people's protests, accidents, social events or thoughtful opinion of expert people, price hike, a celebration after a cricket match win and what not? TV reporters do not miss or delay to cover them.
It is said that old news is no news. Consequently, there is always a hurry among the reporters to be up-to-date in developing stories or even break the story first. Breaking News has become popular among the viewers, it means the first and fast appearance of a startling news on the channels. Once a journalist has been assigned by his editor to cover a story, a team is formed. Usually is consists of a journalist, a camera operator and sometimes a sound and or a light technician also join as crew.
The Journalist investigates the topic, plans interviewing the relevant people and puts forward a concrete idea of the topic which is going to be filmed. The news team then goes out to cover the news and collect the materials. The voice is then recorded in a studio usually by the journalist or a news presenter. This is the voice that the audience hear while the video chip moves on narrating the story and the reporter is not seen on the screen at that time. It is done to make the visual material and the full story clear to the audience with information and explanation. The editor may edit the report before it is ready to go on air, but often there may be reporting of incidents.
A TV news report usually beings with an announcement. One or two short sentences explain what it is about. Then in the main report we see the reporter is describing an event into a microphone. The emphasize the significance of the situation, to show its authenticity, and to convey the feelings of the reporter and can see what's going on in the background. The shots of the scene need to be easy to understand since it provides important visual information to the viewers. It depends on the skills of the camera operator.
In a TV report, there are usually comments or opinions from one to four persons who are related. These statements can be for or against a particular topic. TV news report can use graphic like charts, tables, graphs or archive materials like old photos or videos to make it more comprehensive and credible to the audience. In the concluding part, the reporter summarizes the possible outcomes of the story.
A live coverage of a news is different. Everything has to be finished on the spot and news video is aired instantly and in most cases without much pre-plan. No chance of editing and very less chance for retaking the shot there. Quick intelligent decisions and prompt management of required technical assistance in a situation determines the quality of live reports.
Reporters need to be careful to keep camera shorts shorts and to the point. They also need to use simple language, and speak clearly and concisely as there will be time constraints for each piece of report. In order to keep video shots steady, the camera operator often uses tripod.
Thank you very much my dear friend for reading my article. @tanvir2560
Bangabandhu And Bangladesh
Bangabandhu Sheik Mujibur Rahman was one of the few student leaders who played a significant role in Bangladesh. He is an freedom fighter. He fight for country. Bangabandhu Sheik Mujibur Rahman delivered his iconic speech for freedom. He is a hero of Bangladesh.
**Bangabandhu and the Language Movement**
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was one of the few students leaders who played a significant role in turning the language movement into a mass movement. As a student leader, he was the central figure in organizing mass gatherings, rallies and strikes for raising awareness against the discriminatory language policy of Pakistan.
The language movement started when the Governer General of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, declared "Urdu and only Urdu shall be the state language of Pakistan" on 19 March 1948 at the Racecourse Maidan while addressing a public gathering. He again uttered the some on 24 March 1948 at the University of Dhaka during his convocation speech. The students instantly protested against this announcement vehemently.
It was the time when young Mujib started organizing the student front of Muslim League in East Pakistan. He was proud of his Bangali identity and very active to initiate strikes and protests against the language policy of Pakistan government.
Later, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan Khwaja Nazimuddin echoed the statement of Mr. Jinnah on 26 January, 1952. Mujib was in prison during this time due to his political activism and admitted to the Dhaka Medical College under police custody.
He stayed in constant touch with other leaders directly engaged in the movement to make Bangla the state language. His directions from prison led the movement to a success. On 14 February, he started a hunger strike there.
During a general strike on 21 February, 1952 the protesting students tried to defy Section 144 imposed by the government. The police opened fire and killed a number of students including Abdus Salam, Rafiq, Barkat, Jabbar and others.
In his autobiography, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman says, "We decided in the meeting in my room to observe 21 February as State Language Day and to form a committee that day to conduct the movement to establish Bengali as the state language."
**The Historic 7 March Speech**
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered his most iconic speech at the Rececourse Madian (now Suhrawardy Udyan) on 7 March 1971. He called on his fellow cuntryman to get ready for independence.
On that day, a millon people gathered there to listen to their great leader. It was this speech that encouraged the freedom-seeking Bangaless to prepare for the liberation war.
In 19-minute speech has been recognized UNESCO as one of the world's most important documentary heritages. UNESCO added the speech to the **Memory of the World Register** as a documentary heritage on 30 October 2017, giving it an legendary status.
Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO announced the decision at its headquarters in Paris.
UNESCO official website says that " The speech effectively declared the independent of Bangladesh. The speech was extempore and there was no written script."
He started his speech with these words, "Today, I appear before you with a heavy heart. You know everything and understand as well. We tried with our lives. Today the people of Bengal want freedom, the people of Bengal want to survive, and the people of Bengal went to have their rights."
**Declaration of Independence**
**(Massage)- "They may be my last massage. From today Bangladesh in indenpendent. I call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you might be and with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last. Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is achieved. [ Massage embodying Declaration of Independence sent by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to Chittagong shortly after midnight of 25th March, i.e. early hours of 26th March, 1971 for transmission throughout Bangladesh over the cx-EPR transmitter.] (Source: Bangladesh Swadhinata Juddho: Dalil Potro, volume-3, and The Constitution of Bangladesh.**
Perhaps all of are familiar with Bangabandhu's historic speech on 7th March, 1971. In that speech he narrated the long history of repression and struggle of Bangaless for self-rule. There he narrated how the Pakistan rules exploited us and tried to stop our voice at the gun-point.
By the end of the speech he urged everyone to be prepared with whatever they had. He emphasized that our struggle was for liberty and independence. And finally, the declaration of independence came from Bangabandhu in the first hours of 26 March, 1971. Bangabandhu passed on this voice massage just before he was arrested by the Pakistai Army.
**The Unfinished Memoirs**
We all know Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as a politician, who has many feathers in his crown. He is the leader of our struggle for independence. He declared independence on 26 March, 1971. He is the founder of Bangladesh. He is father of Bangladesh. He is the leader of oppressed people. He was and still is so popular, so dear, and so own to everyone that people passionately call him Bangabandhu as a writer! Yes, we have got some precious memories of Bangabandhu written by himself. He wrote that in Bangla which is available as Osamapto Atmojiboni. Written in the style of auto-biography, Bangabandhu unfolds some unknown aspects of his personal, political and family life in this book. The narration clearly shows why he has been Bangabandhu and why he is the best Bangalee in a thousand years. The following text is an excerpt taken from **The Unfinished Memoirs**, an English Book translation of the book.
People in the village that I visited would not only offer me refreshments, they would also offer me money and would be offended if I refused to take it. They insisted that I should utilize the money for my campaign.
I remember once how a very poor old woman had waiting for a few hours by her hut because she had told that I could be crossing by. When she finally met me, she held my hand and said, "Please come inside my hat because I would like you to sit inside it for a while." Holding on to her hand, I went in. There were a lot of people with me and yet she spread out a mat for all of us and gave me a bowl of milk, a paan leaf, and some coins. Handing me these things she said, "My dear son, please drink the milk and have the paan leaf and take the money, little thought it is, because that is all I have." Tears come to my eyes. I drink the milk but returned the coins, along with some more money, saying, "Your blessing are more than sufficient for me; they cannot be equated with money and I don't have enough to repay you. But she refused to take the coins and the money I gave her. Instead, she told me affectionately, " The prayers of the poor will be with you." When I left her hut my eyes were moist with tears. On that day, I promised myself that I would do nothing to betray my people.
(Taken from The Unfinished Memoirs-translated by Dr. Fakrul Alam)
Thank you very much for reading my article. I collected this article from Bangladesh History. I hope everyone will like this and remember "Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. "
@tanvir2560
Happy Valentine's Day read.cash ❤️
Today is world love day. World love day is 14 February. This 14th day February is celebrated all over the world as Valentine's Day. ❤️
Do you love read.cash?
Previously Valentine's Day was confined to the united States or Western societies but is now celebrated all over in the world. Now a days this day became a festival. On this day, starting from the park, there are huge crowds in the entertainment centers. Everyone tries to celebrate this day as their won Love https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/0134py4v&hl=en-BD&q=Love&kgs=d4bd39bc74cfde89&shndl=17&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/4&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp
That’s How World Love Day Come
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day
Many people believe that in ancient Rome, February 14 was a holliday in honour of Queen Juno, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)#:~:text=Juno%20(English%3A%20%2F%CB%88d%CA%92,%2C%20Vulcan%2C%20Bellona%20and%20Juventas. the Roman goddess of women and love.
According to many, that was it....
Valentine's Day or St. Valentine's Day is an annual celebration which is celebrated on 14th February between love and affection. The day is celebrated in many countries around the world, although in most countries it is not a holiday. In 269 AD, there was a Christian priest and physician named St. Valentine's in Rome, Italy. He was imprisoned by the then Roman emperor Cradius II on charges of preaching. Because Christianity was then banned in the Roman Empire. While in captivity, he cured the blind daughter of a prison guard. Jealous of St. Valentine's popularity, the king sentenced him to death. That day was February 14.
Then, in 498, Pope St. Gelasius also declared February 14, Valentine's Day, in memory of the first Julius Valentine. There are many such days in the Christian world for the remembrance and action of the children of the clergy. In the case of the West, the celebration of birthdays, religious festivals is the main issue of enjoyment. That is why they do not drink alcohol even inside the church. Valentine's Day was banned by the French government in 18 because of the loss of consciousness on this Christian Valentine's Day. The ruling Puritans in England also once administratively banned the celebration of this day. Now a days World Love Day is festival. ❤️
In the World Love Day, i share my foreign friend's Love YouTube blog with you. I hope everyone like it a lot. ❤️
https://youtu.be/K6GB73OPMaU
Today on the occasion of World Love Day, the day is being celebrated through various events in the whole world. ❤️ This love is like the love of parents towards for their children as well as the love of people towards people.
I want this love to be not limited to today. Everyday of the year, everyone should be bound in such love. Then life will be happy and beautiful. 😍
Love is something that can be enjoyed with the heart. True love is love that has no interest. Be it a parents or a lover.
On this Valentine's day i would like to wish all the members of read.cash "Happy Valentine's Day". There was a lot love from me especially for read.cash ❤️ ❤️ ❤️
N.B: source: https://www.wikipedia.org/
Thank you everyone. @tanvir2560
@tanvir2560
