Region of Leg

আমরা জানি, leg region হচ্ছে knee to ankle পর্যন্ত।এর আবার ৩টা compartments-Anterior, Lateral & Posterior.এই posterior compartment বা back of leg সম্পর্কে আজকে আমরা জানব,😊। ⏩posterior compartment এর superficial fascia এর contents হলো small & great saphenous veins,their tributaries & several cutaneous nerves.

⏩Depp fascia -এখানে থাকে muscles, nerves,vessels etc. ⏩Posterior compartment এর boundary -

📌Anteriorly:Posterior surfaces of . 🔖Tibia 🔖Fibula 🔖Interosseous membrane . 🔖Posterior intermuscular septum 📌Posteriorly:Deep fasia of the leg এই posterior compartment টা আবার একটা transverse fascial septum দিয়ে subdivided- 1.Superficial posterior compartment 2.Deep posterior compartment

1⃣superficial compartment এ থাকে ৩টি muscle - 1.Gastrocnemius 2.Soleus 3.Plantaris 📍Muscle গুলার origin,insertion,action important.যেগুলো figure এ দেওয়া হয়েছে🌺। 🔖Gastrocnemius এর ২টা হেড unite হয় middle of back of the leg & formed a broad aponeurosis.এই aponeurosis টা combined করে with the tendon of soleus & formed tendo-calcaneus. Tendo-calcaneus হচ্ছে মানবদেহের strongest & longest tendon.এই te ndo-calcaneus insert করে middle 1/3rd of the posterior surface of the calcaneum(bones of foot).

2⃣Deep compartment এ থাকে 4 টি muscle- 1.popliteus 2.Flexor digitorum longus 3.Flexor hallucis longus 4.Tibialis posterior 📍 Origin,insertion,action -see figures🌺 📌 superficial & deep উভয় muscle গুলার nerve supply দেয় tibial nerve.(root-S1,S2)

📍politeus ছাড়া সব musle ই plantar flexion এ help করে এবং running,jumping, walking এ হেল্প করে।তবে main plantar flexor হচ্ছে Gastrocnemius &Soleus. 📌Vessels: Posterior tibial artery-Branch of popliteal artey & popliteal artery is the continuation of femoral artery.আরেকটা হচ্ছে peroneal artery যেটা posterior tibial artery এর largest branch. ⏩এবার আমরা popliteal fossa সম্পর্কে জানব। -it is a diamond shaped depression at the back of knee joint.🌺 📌Boundaries- 🔖Superolaterally-The biceps femoris 🔖Superomedially-The semitendinosus & semi membranosus 🔖Inferolaterally-Lateral head of Gastrocnemius 🔖Inferomedially-Medial head of the Gastrocnemius. 🔖Roof-Deep fascia or popliteal fascia 🔖Floor-

a.popliteal surface of femur . b.capsule of knee joint & oblique popliteal ligament. c.popliteal fascia covering popliteus muscle 📌Contents : ✅Popliteal artery & its branches ✅Popliteal vein & its tributaries ✅Tibial nerve & its branches ✅Common peroneal nerve & its branches ✅Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh ✅Genicular branch of obturator nerve . ✅Popliteal lymph nodes ✅Fat ⏩Nerve :Tibial nerve -branch of sciatic nerve.sciatic nerve আবার sacral plexus থেকে arise করে।যার root value L4,5,S1,2,3 spinal nerves.এদের ventral rami এর আবার দুইটা division থাকে। -ventral division যা,Tibial nerve নামে পরিচিত -Dorsal division যা,Common peroneal nerve নামে পরিচিত। 📍Common peroneal nerve, neck of the fibula কে round করে রাখে।আর এটা commonly injured area.আর common peroneal nerve এর injury হলে ' Foot Drop 'হয়।অর্থাৎ Foot তখন fixed হয়ে যায় plantar flexion position এ। ⏩Vessels: 🔖Popliteal artery-continuation of femoral artery. এবং popliteus এর lower border এ গিয়ে anterior & posterior tibial arteries এ ভাগ হয়। * lower limb এর blood pressure record করা হয় Popliteal artery থেকে। 🔖Popliteal vein-continues as femoral vein ⏩Anastomosis around the knee joint: 📍Medially:By- 1⃣The descending genicular artery 2⃣The superior medial genicular artery & 3⃣Inferior medial genicular artery 📍Laterally:By- 1⃣Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery 2⃣Superior lateral genicular artery 3⃣Inferior lateral genicular artery 4⃣Anterior tibial recurrent artery 5⃣Posterior tibial recurrent artery 6⃣Circumflex fibular artery