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Entrepreneurship This is a Reflective Essay On - Historical and Contemporary Approaches to Entrepreneurship. Review of Polish Literature. By Iwona Pomianek (PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Warsaw Universty of Sciences, Poland) And this is based on the understanding and point of view of an student. Most students was polarized in the stereotyping standards set in them to choose whether to be an engineer, educator, or work in the medical field over other underrated courses. Growing up and studying leads me to realization that there are lot more unfamous underestimated courses which are relevant and some might contribute in better life and family of an individual and better economy of a place or a country. Some people also think these will not leadthe way to a succesful future. In which, some of these are entrepreneursip or business related courses. Personally, continously researching and exploring this area, notably Entrepreneurship, made me desire to learn more about this. Knowing more informations about Entrepreneurship by pursuing courses linked to it and reading researches provides me greater insights and gives me more knowledge relating to it. In reading and reviewing this case study on historical and contemporary approaches to entrepreneurship, which includes the presentation of well-known researchers' viewpoints with definite points, I gained an even greater and deeper appreciation for the way people view entrepreneurship, in addition to my own assumptions and reflections on it. In this case study, four theories of entrepreneurship in economics were discussed: theories of pure uncertainty, theories of pure innovation, theories of uncertainty and innovation ability, and theories of perception and adaptation. First of which is, theories of pure uncertainty. As a result of this, I have realized that an entrepreneur must deal with the unpredictability of situations while also taking risks. It is also an assumption that is cleared that an entrepreneur who builds a business, leads it, face uncertain future which his business is in-line, and risks decisions that will lead wether a succesful one or not as for the driving force of it is also change or progress, which is between the two will be the result. I came to the realization that, as can be expected in the business industry, it is unlikely that a company will continue to thrive if decisions are not taken seriously and chances are not taken. Secondly, theories of pure innovation. As what I have realized that of course, it is the innovated products and services which a business can offer. And in this theory, the entrepreneur as innovators were the driving force. I have realized that one of the most difficult questions to answer when starting or expanding a business is, "What will I sell?" or "What will I provide as a service?" Therefore, entrepreneurs must have the skills and knowledge necessary to develop new innovative goods from raw materials or scraps, to discover new solutions to problems, and/or to find new methods to market their company. Third is the theories of uncertainty an innovation ability. Which is the combinations of first two theories mentioned in this case study. An entrepreneur who execute this two abilities to deal with unpredictability while taking risks and innovating new things or ways for the business to succeed. An lastly on theories, the theories of perception and adaptation. Subjectivism and spontaneous order are the two main points to consider in this section. I have come to realize that entrepreneurs are susceptible to dealing with uncertainty based on their views while operating under the principle of subjectivism. And, in terms of spontaneous order, I have come to realize that an entrepreneur must be adaptable or have the capacity to adjust to changing circumstances in order for the business to flourish and thrive in accordance to market laws. Just as I thought, the Nokia Corporation, when I was a youngster, theirs was the company whose phones were the most popular on the market and the ones that were most frequently purchased. However, given the current state of affairs, I have concluded that their firm did not take risks or make the necessary adjustments to advance in order to continue to exist in today's age. In this case study, in addition to discussing the historical basics of entrepreneurship, the contemporary definitions of entrepreneur, enterprise, and entrepreneurship were discussed in greater detail. I have come to realize that there isn't a clear definition of entrepreneurship in this context. And that the sole characteristics that has been given for its definition is its relationship to the corporate or business world. As a result, as mentioned in the case sudy, I have realized that there are different definitions of entrepreneurship depending on the field to which it is related, such as private, public, state-owned, intra, individual, team, and so on, as opposed to what I have previously known as the general definition which is taught to me.  Furthermore, it was said in this case study that the essence of entrepreneurship is best addressed by understanding and constructing its many sorts. Moreover, according to what I have read and realized, an entrepreneur is characterized by his or her primary aim in starting a firm for the economy, as well as by the traits and conduct that characterize his or her as an entrepreneur. As a result of these psychological aspects and features, the entrepreneur will be more likely to encourage or inhibit entrepreneurial operations. As far as I can understand, the attitude and mindset is extremely important, or at the very least is taken into consideration, for you want to be deemed or called as an entrepreneur. As a conclusion, this case study has provided me with a better understanding of entrepreneurship. In spite of the fact that this research study is from Poland and that I am a Filipino, I believe it is relevant and useful to me. It is my best known that while I was in senior high school, even if the case study is from another nation and it was released in the twenty-first century, the knowledge and data included within it was still valuable. Further realizations, I will put this information to use if I want to continue my studies in the field of entrepreneurship after I graduate, or maybe in the specific time that I will put up my own business and its journey, or even now that I am still enrolled in college and studying. **Message from the Author** Thank you for reading this article. Have a nice day. Photo attached is from medium.com.

Competitiveness Competitiveness is a critical element in deciding whether a firm will succeed, struggle to make ends meet, or go out of business. Competitiveness is defined as the effectiveness with which a business satisfies the demands and needs of consumers in comparison to other organizations that provide similar goods or services. In order to sell their goods and services in the marketplace, businesses must be competitive in their pricing. Consumer demands and needs, price, advertising, and promotion are all factors that impact competition in various ways. 1. The ability to identify customer demands and/or requirements is a fundamental input in an organization's decision-making process, and it is critical to the organization's competitiveness. 2. When it comes to purchasing selections, price and quality are important considerations. 3. Advertising and marketing are methods through which businesses may tell potential clients about the advantages of their products or services and entice them to purchase them. Operations do have a significant impact on competitiveness through product and service design, pricing, location, quality, reaction time, flexibility, inventory and supply chain management, and customer service, to name a few factors. Many of these are intertwined with one another. 1. Product and service design should be the result of collaborative efforts by many different departments within a company in order to produce a match between financial resources, operational skills, supply chain capabilities, and customer desires and requirements, among other things. 2. The cost of an organization's production is a critical component that influences pricing decisions and net income. The pursuit of cost-cutting measures is a common practice in commercial organizations. Productivity is a significant factor in determining cost. 3. The location of a business might be essential in terms of cost and client convenience. It is possible to reduce input costs by locating close to the source of the input. 4. The term "quality" relates to the materials used, the craftsmanship performed, the design created, and the service provided. Consumers evaluate the quality of a product or service based on how well they believe it will fulfill the purpose for which it was designed. 5. Being able to respond quickly can be a competitive advantage. 6. Adaptability is the ability to adjust swiftly to market developments and introduce new or enhanced products and services. Changes might be related to changes in the design characteristics of a product or service, changes in the amount of product or service demand from consumers, or changes in the mix of goods or services supplied by an organization. 7. Inventory management may provide a competitive edge by ensuring that supply of commodities are properly matched with demand. 8. Supply chain management is the process of coordinating internal and external activities (customers and suppliers) in order to ensure the timely and cost-effective delivery of commodities via a distribution system. 9. Service may include after-sale operations that consumers consider to be of value, such as delivery, setup, warranty repair, and technical support, among other things. Service quality may be a significant difference, and it is frequently a durable differentiation. In addition to being the heart and soul of every firm, if its managers and employees are both capable of and motivated, they may give a significant competitive advantage through their talents and the ideas they generate. **WHAT CAUSES SOME ORGANIZATIONS TO FAIL?** For a multitude of causes, organizations fail or perform inadequately in their endeavors. Being aware of these factors can assist managers in avoiding making the same mistakes in the future. For a multitude of causes, organizations fail or perform inadequately in their endeavors. Managers who are aware of this can avoid making the same mistakes in the future. The following are some of the important reasons: 1. Failure to pay attention to operations strategy. • The operations strategy serves to influence the overall course of the firm. If failing to adhere to the operations strategy leads in the organization's failure, it should take the opposite approach by not failing to adhere to the operations plan. Maintaining a competitive edge requires a firm to have an operations plan that is effective and efficient. 2. Failing to capitalize on organizational strengths and opportunities, as well as failing to identify and respond to competitive threats. • The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat Analysis is what any organization needs to understand its competitive advantage and weaknesses. The inability of a company to capitalize on its strengths and opportunities, as well as to identify and respond to competitive challenges, results in its demise. 3. Putting too much emphasis on short-term financial performance at the expense of research and development. • There is also a need to concentrate and stress the other branch or component of the company. As a result, placing an excessive amount of attention on short-term financial performance at the expense of research and development might lead to the failure of the business. 4. Placing an excessive amount of emphasis on product and service design while placing insufficient emphasis on process design and improvement. • Because every organization receives helpful and honest feedback on their products and designs, the need to take this into consideration is a must-do for the company. As a result, putting too much importance and attention on process design and improvement is a more notable issue to consider after product and service design is something to be considered. 5. Neglecting investments in capital and human resources. • It is necessary to take into consideration the organization's investments in capital and human resources and to ensure that these assets are protected or looked after. Human resource metrics must be implemented in order to enhance the overall organizational level of performance and to invest in the organization's long-term viability, which is essential for future growth. In part, this is due to the fact that the odds of success are in line with it. 6. Failing to develop effective internal communications and collaboration among various functional sectors. • Communication is critical in every organization or business. Organizations and businesses must communicate effectively. Effective communication may contribute in the establishment of a positive working relationship between a company and its employees and staff, which in turn can boost morale and productivity. Consequently, businesses fail because of an inability to develop effective internal communications and collaboration among diverse functional areas. 7. Failing to take into account the demands and needs of customers. • The goals and requirements of the client are the most important factors to consider when running a business or organization, according to research. The consumer is one of the most important factors in determining if and how an organization or business will succeed. The most important thing about them is that they contribute to increasing the organization's income as much as possible. Consequently, the inability to address the desires and requirements of customers is a contributing factor to the organization's failure. There are two fundamental difficulties that must be addressed. First and foremost, what do customers want? The following questions are intended to help you determine which elements on the previous list of the ways business organizations compete are significant to customers. Second, what is the most efficient means of fulfilling those desires? **OUR VISION AND OUR STRATEGIES** The purpose of an organization is the primary reason for its existence. It is encapsulated in the organization's mission statement. The mission statement of a business organization should provide a response to the question "What kind of business are we in?" The purpose and goals of a company are frequently linked to how the business wishes to be regarded by the general public, as well as by its workers, suppliers, and consumers. Organizational strategies are built on the foundation of goals that have been established. These, in turn, serve as the foundation for the strategies and tactics employed by the organizational's functional units. Strategies are plans for attaining the objectives of an organization. An essential aspect of organizational strategy is that it directs the organization by giving direction for, and alignment of, the goals and strategies of the various functional units. Organizational strategy is vital because it helps the company achieve its objectives. Generally speaking, there are three fundamental business strategies: - Cost-effective. - Responsiveness. - Distinguishing yourself from your competition. The capacity to adapt to changing needs is referred to as responsiveness. When it comes to products or services, differentiation can refer to aspects such as quality, reputation, or customer service. Some firms choose to focus on a single strategy, whilst others choose to deploy a variety of methods. **TACTICAL STRATEGIES AND OPINIONS** Strategies help to narrow the scope of decision-making. The majority of businesses have general plans, which are referred to as organizational strategies, that are applicable to the entire organization. They also have functional strategies, in which there are strategies that are specific to each of the organization's functional areas. Tactics are the means and activities that are utilized to achieve the goals of a strategy. Strategie are more general in nature, but operational plans are more precise in nature, and they give advice and direction for carrying out real operations, which necessitate the most exact and thorough plans and decision-making in an organization. Some examples of distinct techniques that a company might employ are listed below: **Cost-effective**. Outsource operations to third-world nations with cheap labor costs in order to save money. **Strategies that are built on scale**. To attain a large output volume while maintaining low unit costs, capital-intensive procedures should be used. **Specialization**. Concentrate on a small number of product lines or a small number of services to attain superior quality. **Newness**. Concentrate on innovation in order to develop new products or services. **Operations that are adaptable. Concentrate on providing a rapid answer and/or customizing your** experience. **High-quality materials are used**. Concentrate on obtaining a greater level of quality than your competition. **Service**. Pay attention to numerous facets of service (e.g., helpful, courteous, reliable, etc.). **Sustainability**. Emphasis should be placed on environmentally friendly and energy-efficient operations. Organizations' competitive environments and their own assessments of their own strengths and weaknesses are taken into consideration when formulating strategy in order to capitalize on their core competencies, which are those special attributes or abilities that an organization possesses that give it an advantage over its competitors in order to achieve competitive advantage. The following are the basic capabilities on which business organizations are built: Cost – dependent on the price of the item being purchased Quality is predicated on the general quality of a standard or level in comparison to others. Time – dependent on the timeliness of the product's delivery to the customer Flexibility is measured in terms of how well a company can adjust to change. **FORMULATION OF A STRATEGY** The development of a strategy is nearly always crucial to the effectiveness of a plan in practice. When formulating a successful strategy, top managers must consider the fundamental strengths of their firms as well as the external environment in which they will operate. It is necessary to define the words "mission" and "strategies" as well as explain why they are significant. The purpose of an organization is the rationale for the organization's very existence. It is encapsulated in the organization's mission statement. In many cases, the purpose and goals of an organization are tied to how the business want to be regarded by the general public, as well as by its workers, suppliers, and customers. The "Mission" of an organization, like any other organization in the world, is something that must be present and cannot be absent. It is significant for the reason that it has the potential to guide the organization achieve its core objective. It is critical to keep in mind as a guide why the organization was founded and continues to exist. Strategy refers to plans for attaining an organization's objectives in a planned manner. An essential aspect of organizational strategy is that it directs the organization by setting the direction for and ensuring alignment between the goals and strategies of different functional units. The strategy of an organization provides a feeling of purpose and direction to the whole company. It is critical for everyone in a company to have clear goals and to follow the company's direction and vision. This vision may be supplied by a strategy, which keeps employees focused on the goals of their firm and prevents them from becoming distracted. An important aspect of organizational strategy is that it guides the organization by ensuring that the goals and strategies of the various functional units are in sync. The purpose and strategy of an organization are both crucial aspects of the organization since these two factors will contribute to the stability and prosperity of the organization in the foreseeable future, respectively. **MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHOR** Thank you for taking your time in reading my article. I hope you gain some knowledge from this. Have a great day. Photo attached is from Adobe Stock.

Industries In Vigan City Have you ever visited a historic places in the Philippines or in another country?  What are the vibes like? Do you think it's good? Do you like it? Do you find asking yourself if you could travel back in time? How are they marketing their respective sectors in terms of their economy? The focus of this article will be on the most well-known industries in Vigan City, as well as on how are they promoting these industries. But first of all, let me present  a brief information about the Vigan City. **The City of Vigan** On the 8th of December, 2014, Vigan City was dubbed as one of the New Seven Wonder Cities of the World, and it was officially recognized as such on the same day. Vigan City is located in the province of Ilocos Sur in the nation of the Philippines, in Region I, Luzon. 15 years after Vigan was included on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites and Monuments in December 1999, the city has been designated as a New Wonder of the World by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Since that day, and up until now, the number of tourists has continued to climb to record levels. Aside from that, the industries are growing increasingly well-known worldwide. And many thanks to the passage and will of time. For today, I'll name five well-known industry in Vigan City and evaluate how effectively they deliver overall quality products and services to their clients. **1. The Ilocano-Abel Industry** One of Vigan City's oldest industries may be found here (in Vigan). The habit of making garments, handbags, and other accessories from cotton fabrics and other materials such as bamboo, saluyot, and even seaweeds stretches back to before the Spanish conquest. The current handicraft technique to weaving abels is still the most popular method of producing abels. It is via operations like as sourcing, inventory management, design, and quality assurance that Ilocano-Abel Industry is able to provide complete high-quality goods. Abel materials must be purchased or completed in conjunction with a quality check in order to deliver a comprehensively high-quality result. It is necessary to prepare the cotton balls and remove the seeds after the ingredients have been gathered and stored. The weaving process begins when the weaver creates the Abels and attaches the spool yarn to the wrapping wheel to begin the weaving process. When the goods are done, the weavers double-check them to verify that they are accurately weaved before selling them to tourist shops. The firm requires a limited number of employees, despite its widespread appeal, and so we cannot overlook the economic effects of the epidemic owing to this fact. **2. The Burnay Industry** Burnay is an example of a Vigan business whose iconic products are hand-crafted clay pots, and it is located in the province of Vigan. The burnay is made of clay that has been crushed and blended with sand by carabaos, which is why it is so durable and long-lasting. Starting with a piece of clay on a potter's wheel, the jar was assembled piece by piece, starting with the lower and top portions, ears and chords with grooves, and then attaching the pieces together to form a final product. A day later, they were placed in an oven that was 50 meters long and more than four feet tall, where they dried for the rest of the day. Its roof is composed of brickwork and adorned with dragon scales on the sides. When the jars are heated to 1200°C, the sand and clay get vitrified, resulting in a metal surface that looks like glass. After three days in the kiln, it takes another 20-22 hours for the jars to harden enough to be suitable for use. This ancient storage container for water, rice grains, basi, and spices like salt and bagoong was used for a variety of purposes for hundreds of years. **3. The Tourism Industry** Given that Vigan City has been dubbed as "one of the seven wonder cities of the world," the tourism business in the city attracts visitors in its own right. In Vigan City, there is outstanding service from various industries before and after the fulfillment of this goal, and this service is still being provided now. The ongoing preservation of Vigan's historic physical features, the food industry's provision of clean and excellent services to customers, the souvenir industry's production of souvenirs to commemorate tourists' visits to the city, and the product industry's production of products that represent the origin and history of local businesses are all examples of sustainable development. To summarize, all of the components that make up the Vigan City tourist business produce high-quality goods and services that benefit not just the city's tourism statistics, but also the general public. **4. The Food Industry** By relishing the distinct flavors of the local food items, the food business of Vigan City makes a significant impression and leaves a long-lasting imprint on everyone. Vigan City is particularly proud of its indigenous dishes, which include empanada, longganisa, and bagnet. The Vigan Empanada is composed comprised of nutritious elements such as dough, veggies, egg, and longganisa (longganisa is a root vegetable). This empanada has a distinct flavor that can only be found in Vigan City and nowhere else in the Philippines. Vigan Longganisa is created with pig casing, ground meat, condiments, and additional spices, and it has a powerful scent due to the use of spices. The Vigan Longganisa Festival, which is held every year to honour the product, is also worth attending. Overall, it is believed that the food sector in Vigan produces items of superior quality and products that are irreplaceably distinctive. **5. The Souvenir Industry** The souvenir business in Vigan City is an extra source of income for the city's residents. The fact that the souvenir sector accounts for the majority of Vigan City's industries is what makes it so successful. Products and things of excellent quality are on offer as mementos, some of which are necessary while others are only for decorative purposes. However, the major souvenir sector can be located on Calle Crisologo, which is one of Vigan City's tourism attractions. Souvenirs may be purchased from a variety of vendors around the city. There were goods manufactured from abel, pots and jars from the burnay business, outfits that represented the apparel industry of Vigan City, and many more high-quality products from each industry in Vigan City that could be found in the souvenir area, including things made from bamboo. **Conclusion** As a conclusion, given that time passed by and it's will makes Vigan City continously excel is thanks to everyone, especially the Ilocanos (Flipinos) who make embody it. Apart from that, there are several industries that aren't mentioned that are growing and developing today. Maintaining our cultures, from which our products and services originate, and continuing to expand and promote our industry will allow us to keep it alive until the next generation and continue to move forward together. **Reflection** Are you able to identify the industries that are driving your success from inside your municipality or province? Have you done any kind of study on the industries in your area, in any way? Have you made any contributions to the survival of your respective industries? **Message from the Author** Thank you for taking the time to read this article of mine. Have a wonderful day, everyone! And if you haven't been to Vigan City yet, please take the time to visit and explore the city! Photo attached is from www.discoverthephilippines.com.

The Material Self “What do your possessions mean?” "When you shop, have and possess something, does that determine who you are?" You may have heard the adage, “You are what you eat.” The material self goes it one step further and claims, “You are what you have.” The material self is the sum total of all the physical items, people or places an individual bear the name my or mine. **There are two subcategories of the material self:** 1. **Bodily self** - talks of entities that are plainly an intimate part of who a person is. It speaks for a person’s pet, (my cat), goods (my watch), places (my home town), and the fruits of one’s labor (my research paper) (my research paper). 2. **Extracorporeal self** - A person’s sense of self is not just confined to the physical entities but also includes their psychological ownership of them. **Ways a human can discern whether a thing is a part of themselves:** 1. Assessing ones emotional involvement in the thing or entity. If a person answer in an emotive way when the entity is being complimented or denounced, the entity is likely to be part of their self. 2. Assess how you act towards it. If we put attention on the thing and attempt to progress and sustain it, one might deduce that the entity is a part of oneself. **THE SELF AND ONE’S POSSESSION** People live in a sales and shopping binge society. Advertising for products that promise to make one feel comfortable or look good is quite appealing. Many more people would go to great lengths in order to obtain these commodities. When one defines oneself by one's possessions, it may produce emotions of well-being, but it may also cause feelings of emptiness and vulnerability. **The Diderot Effect: Why we desire things that we do not require** - a loop of addiction that compels you to purchase further products - only to add a finishing touch to a recently acquired item - it is unacceptable for us to search for downgrades, simplicity, deletion, or reduction in any way. - to put it another way, according to sociology professor Juliet Schor, "The desire to keep our inventory up to date is strong unrelentingly unidirectional, with a continual upward trajectory" **MATERIALISM** - is defined as the emphasis that a customer places on his or her material goods. The highest levels of materialism elevate such possessions to a major position in a person's life and are regarded as the most significant sources of happiness. Purchases of commercial items have the capacity to alter the self in a magical way for the very materialistic individual. **THE MATERIAL SELF: BEING A MATERIAL PERSON IN A MATERIAL WORLD** Personality Shrinkage- regarded by William James to be a rationalization for one's actions. When they lose any of their personal belongings in a fire or when they witness their loved ones die, they are likely to be sad. The current shoe collection was completely wiped away in a storm. This is why you "die a bit" every time you watch a movie. You have some of your belongings taken away from you. A question to oneself: **In your life today, how content are you in your life, materially?** "To be content doesn't mean you don't want more; it means you're appreciative for what you have and patient for what's to come," according to Tony Gaskins, and in my life, it is not difficult for me to declare that I am almost completely contented with my situation. This makes me happy and glad that I have tangible possessions that are just what I require in my daily life to function well. I am fortunate to have an excellent family, two devoted kitties which I consider to be my daughters, a solid group of friends, a welcoming town, and whatever material possessions I may require. The goal of my life is to be happy, and the first step toward achieving that goal is to be pleased with what I now have. According to the saying, I also wish for certain things, but I am grateful for what I have and remain patiently anticipating what may come my way. **Reflection** Going back to the first questions mentioned above in this article, “What do your possessions mean?” "When you shop, have and possess something, does that determine who you are?" And, ask yourself also, "In your life today, how content are you in your life, materially?" I would like to read your realizations in the comment section. **Greetings From The Author** Thank you for reading this article. I hope you learned something. Have a good day, everyone. Photo credit and source is from https://caylacabagnot.home.blog/2018/12/06/the-material-self/.

Talking About Citizenship And How We See And Portray Ourselves To The Others Considering citizenship and how we present ourselves to others, as well as how we see ourselves. In this first part of the article, we are going to talk about **citizenship**. Citizenship is defined by one's sense of belonging to a state, with rights and responsibilities that are enforced and controlled by a government. It is a specific type of membership in a huge group that is bonded together by a common identity. Good citizenship is typically defined as adhering to the rules and swearing entire devotion to the government while simultaneously protecting individual liberties. Participation in environmental conservation and the promotion of equal rights are two more attributes that are equally vital to have. Consequently, while discussing citizenship, the promotion of national interest as well as the empowerment of every person come to the forefront. No one can use the advancement of one's own interests as a justification for violating the interests of another. In here, I will discuss my view in patriotism, citizenship, and as a Filipino citizen of the country Philippines. Having a strong sense of patriotism for one's country and being proud of one's country  and is what makes a person a proud citizen. Moreover, I consider myself to be a proud citizen of my own country, the Philippines. Every Filipino person possesses a wide range of cultures, customs, and traditions, as well as a wide range of abilities, and I am proud of the fact that I respect and appreciate these many cultures, customs, and traditions, as well as the natural beauty of the Philippines. What makes me proud is that people of all races and nationalities, as well as individuals from different countries, come to the Philippines to appreciate the natural beauty and friendly nature of the Filipino people. Aside from that, Filipinos were acknowledged and congratulated for their abilities, and they also took part in award ceremonies and television shows, which made me even more proud of my fellow Filipino citizens who helped to hoist the flag of our nation. Over the course of my life as a citizen, I intend to adhere to the norms and values of individual liberty, safeguard the environment, advocate for equal rights, and continuously respect and be proud of the Philippines and my fellow Filipino citizens. Moreover, after talking about citizenship, in the next part of this article discusses on **how we see and portray ourselves to the others**. It will more likely take you to self realizations and reflections. Social interaction, according to Erving Goffman, may be divided into three types of theatrical performances which are the following: (1) Front Stage; (2) Back Stage; and (3) Off Stage. 1. **Front Stage** - this is the location from which performers are observed while they execute their roles. A performance evaluation is a process in which performers are assessed by the audience based on how effectively they perform their roles in a play. Using this comparison, we may describe a person's desire to be the person that other people want him to be, such as a nice shopkeeper, a competent teacher, or a good student. 2. **Back Stage** - this is the area where actors are shielded from the prying eyes of the audience and are free to express themselves without the pressure of trying to satisfy the public by matching their expectations. In this example, the person's time is defined as the period of time between when he logs out of the digital world and becomes who he is. 3. **Off Stage** - this is the area of the performance when the performer comes into touch with the audience without taking on the role of an actor in the play. The place where he reclaims his original identity. This analogy is used to describe the point at when a person who has assumed a role on the other line ultimately meets the person on the other line for the first time. As an example of how we present ourselves on stage, backstage, and offstage, here is an example of how I would portray myself on front stage, back stage, and off stage. As a member of the Front Stage community, I am respected as a kind and thoughtful son, a thoughtful and understanding brother, and a stellar student. It is my goal to always be courteous to my parents as a decent son, and I aim to maintain this attitude at all times. When it comes to my brotherhood, I am a patient and understanding individual at all times. After a disagreement with my brother, I make an effort to be understanding and refrain from responding adversely to him in the future. Every circumstance needs my ability to be compassionate. To summarize, as an amazing student, I am doing well on tests, projects, and other activities, and I am always on time with my submissions. As a loving and understanding son and brother, I think that my character is still present in Back Stage, as well as in my current position as an average student. The fact that I am already losing my patience at some point in time does not prevent me from addressing the situation to myself alone in order to soothe, and comfort, myself. Due to the fact that I do not know the details of their personal lives, being kind to others is the least I can do till the end of my days. And, as an ordinary student, I feel myself as no longer being considered as the exceptional student that I used to be in my previous positions. And lastly, I will always maintain my Off Stage identity as a kind and understanding son and brother who does not display symptoms of plasticity in his dealings with other people, and this will always be the case. On the other hand, I think that I must demonstrate to others that I am no longer considered to be an exceptional student. I am an ordinary college student who is trying to make it through his college career by surviving school. **Reflection** Now ask yourself. Are you being a good citizen of your country? On the three types of stages by Erving Goofman, can youidentify what you portray on each of the stages mentioned on the discussion above? If you can, I am looking forward to see your answers on the comment setion. **Conlusion** Our existence in this world began as a citizen of the nation in which we were born, according to the records. As we grow older, we gain different physical characteristics and depict ourselves as ideal, normal, or either or neither, depending on our personal preferences. However, because we are already here, we must be conscious of what we do and how we present ourselves, as we are representing our country and taking full responsibility for our own reputation. **Greetings From The Author** Hello, readers. I hope you find this article informative and worth reading. And I hope this give you at least small learnings and information that you can apply to your life. Have a good day! The photo attached is from pinterest.ph.

Some Basics On What Every Person Involved in Business Should Know As a student with prior understanding of a business-related subject, I am writing to express my gratitude. This knowledge I've gathered and am sharing on this platform will, hopefully, be of use to everyone who reads it. **Operations in the Manufacturing and Service Sectors** Identification of the parallels and differences between production and service operations is essential.  Production and service operations may be observed all around the building, and both are part of the overall functioning of the company. Support and input from other sections of the company are required for both the manufacturing and service activities. Both the product and the service operation's outcome can be sold in return for money, which serves as a kind of payment. When comparing the two, it is clear that goods and products are manufactured and classified as tangible things in the production phase, but the goods and products were sold in exchange for money at a moment in time where just the payment procedure was engaged in the sale phase. Service operations may be divided into two categories: intangible and process of service. The process of service refers to the method by which a person uses a product, equipment, machine, or even simply himself/herself to offer a service at a specific moment in time. **Operations Management** Operations Management is a term used to describe the management of operations.  When describing the significance of knowing about operations management, use the following example: Knowing that operations management serves as the governing system for the production of goods and the provision of services, as well as being in charge of all of the company's activities, indicates that learning about it is essential for every firm. The importance of learning about operations management will shape and refine our abilities and knowledge, which will be beneficial and will be used to our future careers in the field of operations management, as we go through our education. **Identifying The Three Primary Functions Of A Business Organization And Demonstrating How They Are Interconnected** The three primary activities that all businesses do are the same regardless of their nature, size, or financial status (Figure 1). Finance, operations, and marketing are the three key activities of a company. Each of these three key roles is interrelated with the others because they are all necessary to the operation of the business and because they can have an impact on how the firm acts. The Finance department is in charge of acquiring and distributing cash for operations, and this role is also in charge of purchasing products, materials, and services that are required to carry out marketing and operational activities on a regular basis. It is the responsibility of the Operations department to oversee the manufacturing of a product or service and to manage all of the inputs to manufacturing. The operations department is also responsible for producing what the company sells within the constraints of the budgets and forecasts provided by the finance department, as well as the supply and demand forecasts determined by the marketing department. Marketing is responsible for driving sales of a product or service, and the marketing department of a company must concentrate on generating strategies and plans that effectively raise consumer knowledge of the product or service. If you want to see how the three major functions of a business are interconnected, consider the following example: a Furniture Store. The Finance department is in charge of the purchase of raw materials required for the furniture, the Operations department is in charge of the manufacturing of the furniture, and the Marketing department is in charge of the promotion of the furniture. **Products** Many businesses find it challenging to distinguish their items from one another. On-time delivery, better and faster response to questions, and other factors that distinguish a service from the competition are important. It is possible to create a memorable client experience by expediting the settlement of complaints. Both the design and the positioning of a company's products and services are excellent ways to differentiate and position the organization. For a customer, design encompasses the entire set of elements that influence how a product appears, feels, and performs. It provides both aesthetically pleasing and utilitarian benefits that appeal to our patriotic and emotional sides at the same time. In product design, a market opportunity is identified, a problem is clearly defined, an appropriate solution is developed, and the solution is then tested with actual consumers to ensure that it is effective. Service design is the process of taking a service and tailoring it to match the demands of the user's company and customers. **Product Design Fundamentals:** 1. Defining the Product Vision; 2. Product Research; 3. User Analysis; 4. Ideation; 5. Design; and 6. Testing and Validation. 7. Post-Launch Promotional Activities **The following are the fundamental principles of service design:** 1. It is centered on the user. 2. Iterative process  3. Conceptualization  4. Prototyping  5. Design  6. Conceptualization To provide a long-term experience, products and services must work together in concert. Service and product design are not opposites, but rather different components of a same total value offer that are being considered. Service design is comprehensive and all-encompassing. Product design is becoming more targeted. Product Design is the process of developing a new product that will be sold by a company to its customers. It is fundamentally the efficient and effective production and development of ideas through a process that results in the development of new goods. Form and function are distinct qualities of product design; nevertheless, product design is also comprised of the holistic properties of an integrated form in function, which are comprised of the integrated form in function. From concept development through commercialization, the product design process is a collection of strategic and tactical operations that are carried out in a systematic manner to generate a product design. When it comes to making services better, service design refers to the process of doing research, generating concepts, and testing experiences. In order to improve the implementation, maintenance, and evolution of the future, a completely redesigned service has been developed. Services that are attractive, pleasurable, effective, and efficient for providers, customers, and society are what we are looking for. **Product** In product design, a market opportunity is identified, a problem is clearly defined, an appropriate solution is developed, and the solution is then tested with actual consumers to ensure that it is effective. **The following are the fundamental principles of product design:** 1. Creating a Vision for the Product 2. Product research 3. User analysis 4. Conception of an idea 5. Design; 6. Testing and Validation; 7. Conclusion 8. Post-Launch Promotional Activities **Service** Service design is the process of taking a service and tailoring it to match the demands of the user's company and customers. **The following are the fundamental principles of service design:** 1. It is centered on the user. 2. Iterative process 3. Collaboration 4. Prototyping 5. Create a design 6. Testing and auditing When describing the strategic relevance of product and service design, use the following examples: Finding a market opportunity, clearly defining a problem, developing an acceptable solution, and verifying the solution with real customers are all phases in the product design process, according to the product design process. Customers desire a greater choice of items and are more interested in products that use cutting-edge technologies. As a result, product design is extremely crucial. Goods that have a greater diversity and shorter product life cycles have a multiplicative effect on the number of new products and derivatives that must be developed. Product design becomes a regular and normal process, rather than an ad hoc and intermittent activity, as a result of this transformation. The goal of service design is to provide a service that is tailored to the needs of the user's business and customers. Customer service design is significant because it takes into account the complete service from the customer's point of view. Everyone and everything should be covered by service design principles. It guarantees that the product ad service is created with users and prospective buyers in mind. Service and product design are not mutually exclusive but rather mutually complimentary aspects of a company's entire value offer. Service design is comprehensive and all-encompassing. Product design is becoming more targeted. It is for this reason that they are both significant. In describing the role of product and service design in your organization. In product design, there are essential concepts that include developing the product vision, doing product research, conducting user analysis, creating prototypes, conducting testing and validation, and conducting post-launch activities. Following these ideas, this provides as a guide for how Product design should be done in order to benefit both the business and customers alike. Product design is the process of creating an item or service that has a high level of practical usefulness and sales appeal while maintaining a fair cost and delivery time. To make the product, high-quality, low-cost materials and manufacturing procedures should be employed. It should be created on equipment that is currently or will be available for use during the manufacturing process. In terms of quality, appearance, performance, service life, and cost, the finished product should be equivalent to or better than identical things currently on the market in all of these areas. There are also fundamental ideas in service design that serve as a foundation and guidance to benefit both the company and the consumer. These principles include user centricity, collaboration, iteration, prototyping, design, and testing and audit, among others. Service design improves the customer experience by focusing on the needs of the customer, developing goods and services for users and groups of purchasing consumers, boosting departmental collaboration, and executing things in a sensible manner while providing value to the customer. Regardless of the situation, products and services must work together to deliver a long-lasting and comprehensive experience. When it comes to recognizing some of the causes for design or redesign. Some of the motivations for designing or redesigning are as follows: economics (low demand, excessive warranty claims, the need to reduce costs), Social and demographic variables (aging baby boomers, population shifts), Political and demographic considerations (government changes, safety issues, new regulations), Competitor (new or modified products or services, new advertising/promotions), Technology, as well as the cost or availability (of raw materials, components, and labor) (in product components, processes). The freshly created and newly redesigned goods and services will assist in the deployment, maintenance, and evolution of the future state of the art technology. Designing and redesigning products and services that are wanted, pleasurable, effective, and efficient for suppliers, customers, and society are important goals. ***Thank you for reading my article. Have a great day!***

Looking Back To The Past The journey to becoming an adult is both exhilarating and difficult at the same time. There are several obstacles, issues, roadblocks, and surprises. Instead, when I was a youngster, it was all about pure enjoyment, fun, and play. I suppose that this is what really the world is. That life is becoming increasingly difficult in order for me to mature. Before we get started, I'd want to emphasize that this discussion will be centered on how I feel today, reflecting back on the past, when I was free and mentally stable. To start of, basically, every time I lie in my bed, staring at the ceiling while I don't have anything to do, I always wondering and think back to the life I had when I was a youngster. During the weekdays, I was always up bright and early to prepare for and attend school. When I was younger, my enthusiasm for education was unimaginable and immeasurable. Seeing my friends and classmates made me feel like I was in for another fantastic day. During break time, I'm studying while also having fun with my classmates. Every break time, I go to the school canteen to buy food on 'Aling Maring,' which is my favorite 'tindera'. Foods such as pancit, miki, goto and many more are available for purchase from her. During my lunch break, I walk out and get my favorite meal, which is mango, which I then dip into a sauce known as alamang. And then eat some street foods after school.  On weekends, I look forward to going to bed early the night before, so that I may get up early on Saturday morning and watch cartoons such as Slam Dunk, Doraemon, and other such shows. On top of that, I usually attend church on Sundays, and thereafter, my family and I always go out to have our favorite dessert food, which is doughnut. In addition, we also buy cotton candies and toys such as bubbles and plastic baloons. Going home and still continuing to watch animated or cartoon shows about the Bible.   However, the part about weekends that I despise the most is the fact that I have to sleep after lunch. They informed me that I needed to sleep in order to increase in height. But, I don't like it because during thoe times, I go to my friend's or cousin's house to play with them until late in the afternoon. So, yes, I do slip out to play from time to time. Basically, that would be my weekly schedule as it has been for the past few years. However, even though it was my regular cycle as a child, and even though it was consistently stable in that way, I preferred it compared to the way things are now. I feel completely liberated. I always have a good time. Elementary school is enjoyable for me since I am a high achiever who also participates in extracurricular activities. I engage in and join tournaments held by other schools and organizations. Because my exposure to digital stuff is limited, I thoroughly loved my time spent participating in physical activities. And it appeals to me and I enjoy it. Nonetheless, the harsh truth of life is now in front of me. The beginning of my journey through trials and hardships in order to develop into a more resilient person in the future. I suppose the memories I have from when I was a child will always be treasured as part of my own history. If I find myself missing it again, I'll try to relive and reminisce those memories once again. Those recollections attest to the fact that I had a happy upbringing, and I'm grateful that I did spend my time as a youngster being free and doing whatever I wanted. I'm delighted that I made the most of my childhood years by doing things that I enjoyed. I hope that the folks who are reading this may relate to what I'm saying and that they will try to recall their own childhood recollections and memories. I am new here, and I hope you will find this article interesting and worthwhile to read. Thank you for devoting some of your valuable time to reading this. The photo attached is from Pixabay.