Staphylococcus aureus
Good evening, readers! First of all, I wish all Orthodox believers a Merry Christmas!
Namely, I recently heard that my close friend became infected with the staphylococcal bacterium. As I feared for her health, and based on her experience, I wanted to know more about that bacterium. Now I will share with you what I learned. I hope you have not had a similar experience.
Staphylococcus aureus (golden staphylococcus) is a ball-shaped bacterium that stains positively according to Gram. It is immobile and does not create a dispute. Some strains have a capsule. It is optionally an anaerobic microorganism. On the microscopic preparation, they have the appearance of clustered clusters, after which Staphylococcus got its name. They were first described by the Scottish surgeon Alexander Ogston in 1882. It is classified as Genus Staphylococcus which has several species and subspecies.
Among non-sporogenic bacteria, staphylococci are the most resistant to adverse environmental conditions, so they can be kept in frozen or dried food for months. It tolerates high concentrations of salt and sugar well.
It is sensitive to all disinfectants used today, and temperatures above 60˚ C destroy it.
Staphylococcus multiplies well at room temperature, secreting its exotoxin under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
**Transmission routes**
The natural reservoir is man and some domestic animals. It is found on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people as a transient flora. Staphylococcus can be found in the throat and nose in about 50% of the healthy population. They are also present on items of general use, but also in milk, cheese, meat and other food products, where they usually end up due to carelessness and low personal hygiene of sick people. These foods are suitable for continued reproduction with the simultaneous secretion of thermostable exotoxin. Thus, mass burek poisonings often occur, due to the use of contaminated cheese or meat. Massive, explosive ice cream poisonings are also common, whether the ice cream is made from contaminated milk or powdered eggs, or is subsequently contaminated during production, transport or sale. All types of minced meat are a very suitable environment for bacteria to multiply. Hams can be a product of high risk to human health when it comes to staphylococcal poisoning, if their subsequent contamination occurs because the content of salt and residual nitrite is not an obstacle to the reproduction of staphylococci. Cooked dishes are not safe either, if they are contaminated and left for 3-5 hours at room temperature, due to the exotoxin that remains pathogenic to humans even after the effects of high temperature. Staphylococcal poisoning most often occurs in the summer months.
**Symptoms of the disease**
The disease starts abruptly from full health. Dizziness occurs first, followed by weakness, nausea and abdominal discomfort. Very quickly, uncontrollable vomiting of food contents begins, then gastric juice and finally bile. The disease is accompanied by very strong cramps in the stomach and frequent stools. The patient has 10-30 stools in one day, which are watery and very abundant. The disease is not accompanied by an increase in body temperature. After only a few hours, the patient fainted, his face was pale, covered with cold sweat, his eyes were inflamed and the patient felt extremely exhausted. In addition, there are very painful cramps in the leaves. The condition of cardiovascular collapse is more or less pronounced: hypotension, tachycardia, cold and bluish extremities.
Due to the very turbulent onset with a tendency towards hypotension and shock, urgent intervention is often required.
Staphylococcal poisoning lasts 1-2 days, so vomiting and diarrhea stop spontaneously after 24-48 hours. During this time, the patient may lose 3-8 kg. The disease ends with a quick and complete cure.
Alimentary intoxication can look like food poisoning caused by salmonella, acute surgical diseases of the stomach, poisoning by mushrooms and heavy metals, heart attack…
**Treatment**
Treatment is symptomatic and includes replacement of lost fluid and electrolytes and the fight against abdominal pain. Lighter patients are primarily given hot drinks (teas, hot soups, rice water) and heavier patients are given isotonic saline and glucose solution for infusion). Diet is an integral part of treatment. The patient takes only fluids during diarrhea. When the main problems stop, baked apples, rusks, mashed potatoes, cooked rice are introduced into the diet. When the stool begins to normalize, proteins are introduced into the diet: lean meat, cooked or grilled, young cheese, etc. The patient switches to a normal diet after 10 days. Antibiotic therapy is generally not required. Extensive and uncritical use of antibiotics quickly leads to the formation of resistant strains.
I am glad if this article was useful to you. I did my best to give you valuable information. Be careful, take care of your health!
The most interesting facts about Serbia
Since I love the country where I was born and where I live, I wanted to write you a few interesting facts about my country. As we Serbs say, it is a land of battles, a land of heroes, a land of natural resources, a country where nightlife is great, a country of socializing ... National parks, rivers, lakes, caves, nature reserves or canyons are just part of the natural wealth that Serbia owns. True nature lovers will find a real natural place to enjoy and relax everywhere along the country.
Serbia is a country with over 7 million inhabitants. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade.
Cantrip and rich cultural and historical heritage of Serbia, make it very attractive to both domestic and foreign visitors.
1. **The capital of Serbia**, was founded by the Celts in the 3rd century BC, and later became Singidunum. In 876, it was first mentioned under the name Belgrade and is considered one of the oldest cities in Europe.
2. Serbia is one of the largest producers and exporters of **raspberries** in the world.
3. **Slavija Square** in Belgrade was a huge pond until the 1880s, and Belgraders hunted wild ducks there. Later, the well-known Scottish entrepreneur Francis Mackenzie, who was engaged in agriculture and humanitarian work before coming to Serbia, bought a large space above it and parceled it out for sale. He also built a house for himself there, which was turned into the Socialist People's House in 1910. By the way, there were also two famous cafes - "Three peasants" and "Rudnicanin", which were demolished before and during the Second World War.
4. **The most important Cyrillic monument of Serbian**-Slavic literacy is Miroslav's Gospel, which dates from the 12th century. Today, it is kept in the National Museum in Belgrade, and in 2007 the film "In the beginning was the word", directed by Bosko Savkovic, was made about it.
5. As many as 17 **Roman emperors** were born on the territory of today's Serbia. These are Decius Trajan, Hostilian, Claudius II the Gothic, Aurelian, Marcus Aurelius Probus, Maximian, Constantius I Chlorus, Galerius, Maximinus Daia, Flavius Valerius Severus, Constantine the Great, Licinius, Constantius II, Vetranion, Jovian, Gratian and Constantius III.
6. **Vampire** is one of the words from the Serbian language that is generally accepted in all world languages
7. The **Vratna River** in eastern Serbia is widely known for the three highest natural stone bridges in Europe, the so-called overgrowths reminiscent of gates, after which it got its name.
8. The first satellite transmission of video signals in 1962 between Europe and North America contained a picture of a fresco of the **White Angel** from the Mileseva Monastery, one of the most beautiful works of Serbian and European art of the Middle Ages. The same signal was later sent into space according to possible forms of extraterrestrial life.
9**. The Church of Saint Sava** in Belgrade is the largest Serbian Orthodox church and one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world.
10. In 2014, the American magazine "Mental Floss" listed the **Cele Tower** as the largest building made of human bones.
11. The oldest preserved **Belgrade tavern** is "Question mark". By order of Prince Milos, in 1823 it was built by Naum Icko.
12. Serbia has **five national parks**: Djerdap, Kopaonik, Shar-mountain, Tara and Frushka Gora.
13. According to some allegations, the Serbian intelligence officer **Dusan Popov**, among other personalities, served as an inspiration to the author Ian Fleming for the creation of the legendary **James Bond**.
14. In Kuber Pidi, a city in the south of Australia, there is the **Serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Prophet Elijah**, which is considered unique in the world, since it is a building built at a depth of nine meters.
15. One of the oldest Serbian **football clubs** is FK Javor from Ivanjica. It was founded in 1912 by young people, and was named after a nearby mountain.
16. About 70 percent of the plum yield, or about 424,300 tons per year, goes to the production of **plum brandy** - the national drink of the country.
17. The movie "Karadorde" was made in 1911, directed by Uncle Ilija Stanojevic, and is considered to be the **oldest feature movie in Serbia and the Balkans**.
I hope you that you enjoyed reading.
I would like to write a lot more about my country, but I will leave that for some of the next articles. I hope you will have the opportunity to visit this beautiful country.
Until next time, I send you a big greeting!
Artificial intelligence has made a cure for humans
*A rare disease is any disease that occurs in a maximum of 5 out of 10,000 people. To date, between 6,000 and 7,000 rare diseases have been described. According to the European Commission, 6% to 8% of the population has a rare disease.*
*There is no registered therapy for more than 95% of rare diseases.*
*Of the nearly 200,000 ongoing clinical studies, less than 1% are dedicated to rare diseases.*
Because of all the above, I am glad that there is artificial intelligence that will, by all accounts, cure many diseases.
**Artificial intelligence** is advancing every day, and now we can see progress in the field of medical drugs. Namely, artificial intelligence has created a drug that will be used to treat patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
AI has designed the first drug in medicine to be used for humans. As things stand for now, it will be used for research and testing on humans, primarily to continue machine learning for medical purposes.
**Speed in development**
While in the traditional pharmaceutical industry it takes at least about 5 years for a drug to be developed, tested, tested and become available, in the case of artificial intelligence in medicine this is not the case. Namely, it took AI only 12 months to be ready for use.
Speed in development is great news for finding new drugs.
Experts say that algorithms go through a billion decisions in order to find the right molecules, and in order to find a new drug with extreme precision. The biggest advantage of these algorithms is that they are completely applicable to any other disease.
**First in Japan**
This drug will first be found in the test phase in Japan, and if it passes successfully, testing will continue globally. What makes the general public happy is that they are already working on the development of potential drugs for the treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and they hope that these drugs will reach the testing phase by the end of the year.
According to experts, artificial intelligence in medicine will make a huge step forward by the end of this decade, and with its help all drugs will be produced, which means that this method extremely quickly and accurately detects drugs that will help patients with various diseases.
This news gives us great hope that soon a large number of diseases will be cured, for which there is currently no cure.
What it means to be one in 20,000 people?
Dear readers, first of all I send you a big greeting!
This is my first article, and don't blame me if I make certain mistakes.
The topic I want to write about is how we think about numbers and statistics.
Namely, when we hear about a disease, statistics show that the disease affects one person out of 20,000 people. We, of course, immediately think that this will not happen to us. But unfortunately it happens.
But I have heard one clever saying many times. "Nothing will happen to us that we can't deal with!"
Therefore, we must be strong, have the courage, strength and will to fight anything that may befall us!
If it is a disease, we must look for a cure, to be persistent in it, to try to find it in nature, in classic medicine, anywhere, wherever our thoughts lead us.
Let's investigate, we have to ask other people, because it's not a shame to talk about your problem. The rule has always been: One head knows much less than ten people ... We have to join certain associations, we will get a handful of useful tips ...
The Internet is accessible to us, we can find a lot of advice, prescriptions ... We can find sites that provide information about certain drugs that are currently under investigation, and can cure what there is currently no cure for.
That's why we have to read and get informed ... It can help us a lot in solving our health condition.
Everything I write, I write from my own experience ... These statistical numbers mean nothing to me anymore ... Therefore, take care when you take some medications, and when you read the side effects, one in half a million people ... It has become for me irrelevant data ...
**There must be hope for recovery, it is half way to success!**
**I wish you all good health! To be happy, healthy and smiling!**
**And also, I want you to never find out what it feels like to be a number in statistics ... Never in a negative sense !!!**
@BCH.business78
