@Abdullah143 23 October 2021

Electrophilic Substitution Reaction of Benzene

There are mainly two types of chemical compounds. Saturated Compounds Unsaturated Compounds Saturated Compounds First one are Saturated compounds which has signle bond and their bond are completed and their bond capacity is full. Example: Alkanes are Saturated molecules as they have sigle bond in their structure e.g Methane, Ethane and so on Formula of Methane CH4. As Carbon has tetra valency thus in methane Carbon has four bonds with hydrogen atom. They give mostly Substitution Reactions. Unsaturated Compounds In this type of compounds double are triple bonds are presents. Example alkenes and alkynes. Ethene These compounds mostly prefer Additional Reactions. Test for Saturted and unsaturated Compounds. By bromine water test we can tell that the compound is saturated or unsaturated. If the Compound is saturated then the bromine color remain same i.e Brown color not change CH4+Br2-> no color changes(no reaction) If the compound is unsaturated then brom8 color will change. Bromine become color less C2H4 + Br2- -> Color changes Benzene

Benzene Structure shown above tell us that Benzene is unsaturated Compounds as it has double bond in its structure. But it behave as saturated compound as its double bonds are not true bond and behave as a single bond. Thus benzen give substitution reaction easily. Substitution reaction Those reaction in which one atom is replaced by the other in the compounds. There are two types of substitution reaction Electrophilic Substitution reaction Nucleophile substitution reaction Benzene mostly give electrophilic Substitution reaction easily. In electrophilic Substitution reaction of benzene an electrophile is generated and replaced by the one of the hydrogen (proton) of benzene. What is an electrophile. Electrophile is a species carrying a positive charge. H+, CH3+ etc Reaction of Benzene. Nitration In nitration a nitro group place the hydrogen in the presence of HNo3 and H2SO4 which creates a NO2+ for replacement. Too be continued. This is my first article