BC In the 3400s, opium poppy was cultivated in the Tigris-Euphrates river systems of Lower Mesopotamia. The Sumerians, who established civilization and developed agriculture for the first time in the world, used hul and gil ideogams for poppy, which is translated as "pleasure plant" (Köknel, 1976). On a Sumerian clay tablet 3500 years ago, an opium poppy capsule is represented in the hand of a priest. It is not known whether it was used for therapeutic or ritual purposes.
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