The domestic horse (lat. Equus ferus caballus) is a large short-haired ungulate with a long mane and tail, domesticated since ancient times and used for riding or carrying cargo. The domestic horse is one of the two existing subspecies of Equus ferus. It is an ungulate belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the last 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, to a large animal with hooves. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BC. n. e, and it is believed that domestication was widespread up to 3000 p. n. e. Horses of the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although part of the domesticated population lives in the wild as wild horses. These wild populations are not truly wild horses, as the term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered wild horses of Przevaljski, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe horse-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, sizes, colors, markings, races, movements, and behaviors.
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