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Seven types of comments emerge: directive, evaluative, advisory, interpretive, descriptive, directive questions (Socratic), and open-ended questions (discovery). The comments of beginners tended to be directive, evaluative, and/or advisory. .
1. Directive comments rewrite students' sentences or give students directions about what to do: “Use active voice.”
2. Evaluative comments make statements that evaluate the quality of the writing: “Excellent!” or “This sentence is awkward because the passive voice makes it difficult to know who is doing what.”
3. Advisory comments give students advice: “If I were you, I would use active voice here so readers know who is doing what to whom.”
4. Interpretive comments show an interpretation of wording: “By using of in your subtitle 'An Inquiry of the Everyday Liar,' you make me think the Everyday Liar is making the inquiry; however, your research paper actually takes the perspective of a truthful person trying to understand compulsive liars.”
5. Descriptive comments show a reader’s perspective by describing what the writing says and what it does: “The first paragraph introduces two points, and the second paragraph supports the first point by giving an example; however, the third paragraph introduces a new point not mentioned in the first paragraph.”
6. Directive Questions (Socratic) ask questions that lead students to the desired conclusion: “Why do you use the present tense in this sentence and then change to the past tense in the next sentence?” In contrast, a directive statement would be, “Keep verb tense consistent”; an evaluative comment would be, “Faulty verb tense.”
7. Open-ended Questions (discovery) ask questions without knowing the answers: “What criteria are you using for your evaluation?”
Tosummarizing up:
According to the research of Straub and Lunsford, inexperienced writing instructors tend to write type 1 and 2 comments, experienced writing instructors tend to write type 4-7 comments, and both experienced and inexperienced instructors use type 3 comments.
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