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Famous Scientists Aristotle The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) made a massive contribution to many aspects of human knowledge, including physics, biology, astronomy, philosophy and even politics, poetry and music. Aristotle believed that our knowledge is based on direct observations of the world around us. This basic philosophy, later called empiricism, was a shift away from that of his teacher, Plato (c. 427–347 BC), who believed that abstract thought could explain the nature of things. Many of Aristotle’s “laws of the universe” tended to come from simple observation and reason. But they were not always backed by sufficient facts or careful experimentation that modern scientific method demands before such laws could be accepted.

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