Indian researcher, historian, poet, critic " Shibli Nomani"

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Allama Shibli Nomani was born in 1857 in Bandol Jerajpur, a village in Azamgarh district. He received his early education at home from Maulvi Farooq Chariakoti. He went on Hajj in 1876. He also passed the bar exam but was not interested in the profession. When he went to Aligarh, he met Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, so he became a professor of Persian. From here, Shibli began his scholarly and research life. Learned French from Professor Arnold. In 1892 he traveled to Rome and Syria. He left his job in 1898 and came to Azamgarh. Founded Dar Al-Musnafin in 1913. Died in 1914.

Introduction Shibli is one of the founders of Urdu criticism. His personality is also known in the Urdu world as a poet, historian, biographer and biographer. Shibli's critical views and ideas are scattered in various articles and writings, but it can be said with certainty that he had a special aversion to poetry and poetry criticism. He not only presented his views on poetry and its accessories in detail in "Ajam Poetry" but also presented examples of practical criticism in "Mawazan-e-Anis and Dabir".

Here I am not concerned with Shibli's bias or neutrality, but with principle and ideology. In "Comparisons", in addition to a theoretical discussion on the art of mourning, Shibli also sheds light on eloquence, rhetoric, metaphors, and the definition of other industries, as well as various aspects of it, which give us an idea of ​​their critical consciousness. Is. In order to understand Shibli's theory of critique, both of his books are of In this respect, his work is remarkably noteworthy, for in it he has judged all the classical genres of Urdu poetry. These books are rare for us Urdu people to understand the poetic criticism of Urdu. Because in both of them, he has given a clear explanation of all the above issues.

At the beginning of the fourth volume of "Shaar-ul-Ajam" he says that "I will now write in detail the debates which were left unfinished in the previous sections. This section is divided into three chapters: The General History of Persian Poetry and the Influence of Civilization and Other Reasons and 3. Criticism of Criticism. The main elements of poetry, the difference between history and poetry, the difference between poetry and storytelling are discussed in a reasoned manner so that all the issues of poetry become clear. For this, they also discuss the word and the meaning. They also offer different types.


He calls poetry a tasteful and intuitive thing and says that it is not easy to give a comprehensive definition of poetry but this fact can be realized through different means and in different ways. He says: "Since poetry is a matter of conscience and taste, it cannot be comprehensively defined in a few words, so it would be more useful to explain its reality in different ways than to combine it with poetry. Have an accurate map in mind Shibli has tried to illustrate the importance of poetry with various examples. For him, the source of poetry is not perception but feeling. He then describes the perception and feeling as follows: God has given man different organs and different powers. Two of these forces are the source of all actions and intentions, perception and perception, the function of perception is to know things and to use reasoning and inference.

God has given man different organs and different powers. Two of these forces are the source of all actions and intentions, perception and perception, the function of perception is to know things and to use reasoning and inference. All kinds of inventions, researches, discoveries and all sciences and arts are the result of this process. The function of feeling is not to perceive something or to solve a problem or to think and think about something. Its only job is to be affected when an effective event occurs, to be shocked in a state of grief, to be happy in a state of happiness, to be surprised at a wonderful thing, the same force that reacts. Or can be interpreted by feeling is another name for poetry, that is, the same feeling becomes a poem when it takes the form of words. "

These are the basic ideas about Shibli's poetry. He says man has the potential to be affected. Different events affect it and thus different conditions affect it. To them, it is more or less a condition that causes the lion to roar, the peacock to roar, the coyote to coo, the peacock to dance and the snake to wave. This shows that he is convinced of the importance of emotions in poetry. Poetry does not exist without emotions and it is born of emotions. This does not mean creating excitement and commotion, but creating life and excitement in the emotions. According to Shibli, emotions are essential for poetry.

According to Shibli, the whole world is a lion. Poetry is scattered everywhere in life and where there is poetry there is life. He quotes a European writer as saying, "Everything that touches the heart with wonder or excitement and some kind of effect is a lion." Therefore, the sky is blue, Najam Darakhshan, Naseem Sehar, Tabassum Gul, Kharram Saba, Nala Bulbul, Virani Dasht, Shadabi Chaman, the purpose is the whole world of poetry "and this poetry is found in all life. Shibli's critical views emphasize the aesthetic aspect of poetry, which is probably why Dr. Syed Abdullah writes in "Criticism":

"Obviously, Shibli's critique has a collective and societal perspective, but he still has a particular inclination towards temperament, aesthetics and impressionism." According to Shibli, poetry has the highest status in all the fine arts. Because many things are important in terms of impression, such as music, painting, industry, etc., but the range of influence of poetry is the widest. In terms of poetry, he mentions metaphors and then explains:

"Imitation means to play an object or a situation in such a way that the image of the object is reflected in the eye. ... However, the picture cannot be metaphorical everywhere. Hundreds of different situations and events are beyond the reach of imagination.

They don't just define metaphors, but what constitutes metaphors. Explain this in detail. Continuing this line, we talk about imagination, innovation and the nature, quality and effect of words. To them the word is body and the subject is soul. There are two groups of artists on this issue, one prefers the word and the other prefers the meaning. Shibli's emphasis is more on the word. In the discussion of words and meanings, he writes explaining the types of words and their nature:There are many kinds of words, some delicate, subtle, elegant, clean, fluent and sweet, and some, glorious, eloquent, lofty. And there are delicate emotions, so the words to express them should be the same.

The discussion of words and meanings is very interesting. Expressing his views on the effect of eloquent and familiar words, simplicity, syntax of sentence components, Shibli also talks about its effect. His theory is that no matter how good an idea or article is, if the words are not good, the effect of the idea will continue. Explaining his point, he gives the example of Aab Zam Zam. If someone gives you Zamzam water to drink in a dirty bowl, you will drink water because of the sanctity of Zamzam water, but your nature will become dirty. Keep in mind that in this example, the cup represents the word and the water represents the subject. This means that along with the excellence of the idea, it is also important to have the excellence of the words.

Shibli has reviewed all the classical genres of Urdu and has formed his opinion on it. His point of view is impressionistic and aesthetic, but he also has his eye on other qualities of poetry. The way in which he has interpreted the industries of poetry in the comparison of Anis and Dabir is his own example. Therefore, the industry in which he has copied the poems. Even today we have not been able to get out of its siege completely.

Shibli and Altaf Hussain are very important in promoting the ideological critique of Urdu and giving it a positive direction. Thanks to him, the lamp of Urdu criticism became brighter and brighter.

# Famous # Authors الفاروق Biography of Maulana Rome Theology (Shibli) المامون Comparison (Dabir and Anis) Ajam poetry Articles Shibli سیرت النعمان Biography of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) الغزالی Initially, Shibli used to have strong religious views according to his family influence.

#مشہور #تصانیف 


الفاروق

سوانح مولانا روم

علم الکلام (شبلی)

المامون

موازنہ (دبیر و انیس)

شعر العجم

مقالات شبلی

سیرت النعمان

سیرت النبی صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ وسلم

الغزالی

شروع میں شبلی اپنے خاندانی اثر کے مطابق مذہبی لحاظ سے مضبوط فکر کے حامل ہوا کرتے تھے پھر سر سیّد احمد خان کی قائم شدہ علی گڑھ یونیورسٹی سے تعلق کے بعد شبلی وسيع النظر ہو گئے

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