@EneidaPerez 28 February 2022 more from that month

#DocumentaryResearch #History #Ukraine #Russia #Famine #Holodomor #OwnContent 𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆́ 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂? ...𝑯𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑼𝒄𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒊... ...Begins in the year 882 with the establishment of the 𝐾𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑅𝑢𝑠. 𝐾𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑅𝑢𝑠. was made up of various tribes of Eastern Slavs, mainly Ruthenians, and the Ukraine was the center of the area inhabited by this group. 𝐾𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑅𝑢𝑠 became the largest and most powerful state in Europe, with Kiev being the largest and most populous city on the continent at the time. Ukraine was one of the first centers where civilizations were established and urban planning appeared, it is part of the area where the domestication of the horse, the invention of the wheel and metal working began. Different tribes converge to form the medieval state of Kievan Rus'. After the invasion initiated by the Golden Horde (Mongol state or Cuman Khanate) whose army was under the command of Subotai Ba'atur or Subodei, who in the battle of the Kalka River in 1223 faced the forces of several Rus princes from Kyiv. Fifteen years later, Mongol ruler, founder of the Blue Horde (precursor of the Golden Horde) carried out a large-scale invasion between 1237 and 1240. The occupation precipitated the fragmentation of 𝐾𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑅𝑢𝑠, the state disintegrated and influenced the development of the subsequent history of the East Slavic states, including the rise of the Moscow Principality. The western lands of Rus, henceforth Ruthenia to refer to the Ukraine, were reunified by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who sought allies in the fight against the Muscovites (current Russians) The Ruthenians, henceforth Ukrainians, under Lithuanian-Polish occupation had a desire to establish their own independent state, which is why many Cossacks fled to the Free Ukraine region, a region that was not controlled by any state. In 1648 with the successful Ukrainian rebellion led by Bohdán Khmelnitski, what was called the Ukrainian State or Hetmanate was established, which was governed in such a way that it can be considered as one of the first democracies in Europe, the Hetman being elected, who was the head of the Ukrainian State or Hetmánschyna by popular election and not by dynastic descent like most states in Europe at that time. For a short period of time the Ukrainian nation enjoyed autonomy, but the Hetmanate found itself in a situation between three powers: the Crimean Tatars, from the south; Poles from the West and Muscovites from the East. Thus the Hetmanate gradually lost its autonomy until the Muscovites, henceforth Russians, completely annexed its territory in 1764 and Ukraine would become occupied and divided between Poland and Russia. In the Russian Empire, the position of Hetman was abolished by Catherine II of Russia in 1764. The last with this title in the army of Zaporizhia (formal title for the Hetman of Ukraine) was Kiril Razumovski, brother of Aleksei Razumovski, who served as 1751 to 1764. In 1863, Interior Minister Pyotr Valuev issued the so-called Valuev Circular, in which he stated that the Ukrainian language "never existed, does not exist and cannot exist". In 1876, Tsar Alexander II of Russia issued the Ukaz of Ems, a secret decree prohibiting the use of the Ukrainian language in printing documents. Despite Russification and attempts at assimilation of the Ukrainian population, the Ukrainian People's Republic declared its independence from Russia in the 1917-1920 revolution. In 1918, a German-backed conservative coup d'etat overthrew the Ukrainian Central Rada, abolished the Ukrainian People's Republic and established a Hetmanate called the Ukrainian State (Ukraínska Derzhava) or pseudo-monarchy headed by Pavló Skoropadski, who proclaimed himself Hetman of Ukraine. This regime lasted until the end of 1918, when it was overthrown by a new directory that restored the Ukrainian People's Republic. With Stalin, the Russification of Ukraine intensified with the banning of the Ukrainian language in schools, the destruction of monuments and historical documents, the death of millions of Ukrainians during the 𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟐-𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟑, as part of a related 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑼𝒌𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒅. After 70 years of Russification and attempts at independence, Ukraine was once again reborn as an independent republic on August 24, 1991 following the attempted coup d'état, also known as the August Coup, in the Soviet Union when a group of members of the Government and the KGB of the Soviet Union briefly deposed the president of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev and that finally led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December of the same year after the signing of the 𝑻𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒛𝒉𝒂 that proclaimed the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since then, it continues to fight for its independence and for a free democracy, until February 2022, when Russia invades it again. 𝑩𝒖𝒕 𝒘𝒉𝒚 𝒅𝒐𝒆𝒔 𝑼𝒌𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓? According 𝑡𝑜 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑝𝘩 𝐺𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑜, this is how the nation of Ukraine is classified: ✔First place in Europe in proven recoverable reserves of uranium ores ✔Second in Europe and 10th in the world in terms of titanium ore reserves ✔Second place in the world in terms of exploited reserves of manganese ores (2.3 billion tons, or 12% of world reserves) ✔Second largest iron ore reserve in the world (30 billion tons) ✔Second place in Europe in terms of mercury ore reserves ✔Third place in Europe (13th in the world) in shale gas reserves (22 billion cubic meters) ✔Fourth place in the world for the total value of natural resources; ✔Seventh place in the world in coal reserves (33.9 billion tons) 𝙐𝙠𝙧𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙖𝙣 𝙖𝙜𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙮: ✔First place in Europe in terms of arable land area ✔Third place in the world for the area of ​​black soil (25% of the world volume); ✔First place in the world in exports of sunflower and sunflower oil ✔Second place in the world in barley production and 4th place in barley exports ✔Third largest producer and 4th largest exporter of corn in the world ✔Fourth place as the largest potato producer in the world; ✔Fifth largest producer of rye in the world ✔Fifth place in the world in bee production (75,000 tons) ✔Eighth place in the world in wheat exports ✔Ninth place in the world in the production of chicken eggs ✔Sixteenth place in the world in cheese exports. ✔Ukraine can meet the food needs of 600 million people 𝑼𝒌𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒚 ✔First in Europe in the production of ammonia ✔It is Europe's fourth largest natural gas pipeline system in the world (142.5 billion cubic meters of gas production capacity in the EU) ✔Third largest country in Europe and 8th largest in the world in terms of installed capacity of nuclear power plants ✔Third place in Europe and 11th in the world in length of the railway network (21,700 km); ✔Third place in the world (after the USA and France) in the production of locators and locating equipment ✔Third place as the world's largest iron exporter ✔Fourth place as the largest exporter of turbines for nuclear power plants in the world; ✔Fourth place as the world's largest rocket launcher manufacturer ✔Fourth place in the world in clay exports ✔Fourth place in the world in titanium exports ✔Eighth place in the world in exports of minerals and concentrates ✔Ninth place in the world in exports of defense industry products; ✔Tenth largest steel producer in the world (32.4 million tons). 𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒉𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒘𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒕