Motion
Introduction ; Motion involve a change of position of a body with time. The study of motion is know as kinematics. While the study of forces and how they affect motion of a body is known as dynamics Types of motion; There are four types of motion namely Translation motion Osicillatory motion Rotational motion Random motion and Relative motion Types of forces ; Basically there are four type of funfermental forces they are; electromagnetic force, force of gravity, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. Electromagnetic causes almost every physical phenomenon we encounter in our everyday life : light, sound, the existence of object, chemistry, all biological phenomenon etc. Gravity is responsible for the attraction of object on the earth towards the center as well as tides - due to the pull of the moon and sun on the ocean. Strong nuclear force is one which take place in all nuclear phenomena such as fission and fission, nuclear fission occurs at the cure of the sun and all the stars finally, weak nuclear force is involved in radioactivity, causing unstable atomic nucleito decay
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Translation motion: When rigid body moves from the point space to another without rotation The motion is said to be translation For example, block sliding down an incline plane and a stone thrown vertically upwards
Oscillatory motion: oscillatory motion is a type of motion that takes place in circular oath with uniform speed such as the oscillation of clock. Oscillatory motion is also called vibratory motion. Examples of Oscillatory motion are the balance wheel of watch and sample pendulum
Rotational motion: fhis involves motion pa a body in circular paths Example of such motion are rotation of the earth about its axis, rotation an electric fan blades etc
Random motion: this is the motion of objects that moves disorderly or in a zigzag manner, with no peffered direction due to this movement particles collides with one another For example smoke particles suspended in the air
Relative motion : everything moves even things that appears to be at rest. They move with respect to the sun and star when we describe the motion of an object with respect to anotger we say that the object is moving relative to the other object. A book that is at rest relative to the tablet lies on as moving at about 30km/s relative to the sun.
Therefore an object is moving if its position relative to a fixed point is changing Causes of motion: Forces cause motion, to move something you need to apply a push or pull which is a force without a force the object will be immobile or keep moving without speeding up
Both electromagnetic and gravity have effects on macrisopic system while both the strong and week nuclear forces only operates at the microscopic system. At the macroscopic physical system we observe these forces gravity, friction normal forces that appears when a surface presses against another surface
Contact forces : these are forces that are in contact with the body they affect or act upon. For example tension and reaction force, frictional forces, forces of pull or push
Force field : these are forces that do not requires contact with the body the act upon. For example gravitational force and magnetic force. The effect of such force is felt within a region called force field that is gravitaional force field, magnetic force field, electromagnetic force field and so on
A particle is said to be moving with uniform acceleration if the magnitude of the acceleration is contact and along the same direction given that u is the initial velocity and the velocity changes to v after time t, then the uniform acceleration is a = v-u /t